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Policy Manual

The USCIS Policy Manual is the agency’s centralized online repository for USCIS’ immigration policies. The USCIS Policy Manual will ultimately replace the Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM), the USCIS Immigration Policy Memoranda site, and other policy repositories.

About the Policy Manual

The USCIS Policy Manual is the agency’s centralized online repository for USCIS’ immigration policies. The Policy Manual is replacing the Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM), the USCIS Immigration Policy Memoranda site, and other USCIS policy repositories. The Policy Manual contains separate volumes pertaining to different areas of immigration benefits administered by the agency, such as citizenship and naturalization, adjustment of status, and nonimmigrants. The content is organized into different volumes, parts, and chapters.

The Policy Manual provides transparency of immigration policies and furthers consistency, quality, and efficiency consistent with the USCIS mission. The Policy Manual provides all the latest policy updates; an expanded table of contents; keyword search function; and links to the Immigration and Nationality Act and Code of Federal Regulations, as well as public use forms. The Policy Manual contains tables and charts to facilitate understanding of complex topics. The Policy Manual also contains all historical policy updates.

The Policy Manual contains the official policies of USCIS and assists immigration officers in rendering decisions. The Policy Manual is to be followed by all USCIS officers in the performance of their duties but it does not remove their discretion in making adjudicatory decisions. The Policy Manual does not create any substantive or procedural right or benefit that is legally enforceable by any party against the United States or its agencies or officers or any other person.

How to use the USCIS Policy Manual website (PDF, 2.99 MB).

Adjudicator's Field Manual Transition

USCIS is retiring its Adjudicator's Field Manual (AFM), a collection of our immigration policies and procedures. We are working to update and incorporate all AFM content into the USCIS Policy Manual. Until then, we have moved any remaining AFM content in PDF format to its corresponding Policy Manual Part. To the extent that a provision in the Policy Manual conflicts with remaining AFM content or Policy Memoranda, the updated information in the Policy Manual prevails. If you have questions or concerns about any discrepancies among these resources, contact PolicyFeedback@uscis.dhs.gov.

To find remaining AFM content, see the crosswalk (PDF, 332.97 KB) between the AFM and the Policy Manual.

 

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Updates

 

Updates(244)
POLICY ALERT - Employment Authorization Document Validity Period for Certain Categories

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding maximum validity periods for Employment Authorization Documents (EADs, Form I-766) issued to refugees and asylees, noncitizens paroled as refugees, noncitizens granted withholding of removal, noncitizens with pending applications for asylum or withholding of removal, noncitizens with pending applications for adjustment of status under INA 245, and noncitizens seeking suspension of deportation or cancellation of removal. USCIS is also clarifying that the Arrival/Departure Record (Form I-94) may be used as evidence of both status and employment authorization for certain EAD categories that are employment authorized incident to status or parole.

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POLICY ALERT - Evaluating Eligibility for Extraordinary Ability and Outstanding Professor or Researcher Visa Classifications

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify how USCIS evaluates evidence to determine eligibility for extraordinary ability and outstanding professor or researcher first preference employment-based immigrant visa classifications.

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POLICY ALERT - Access to Voter Registration Services during Naturalization Ceremonies

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing updated policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding access to voter registration services during administrative naturalization ceremonies.

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POLICY ALERT - Sought to Acquire Requirement Under the Child Status Protection Act

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify that USCIS considers the recent February 14, 2023, policy change to be an extraordinary circumstance that may excuse the “sought to acquire” requirement under the Child Status Protection Act (CSPA) in particular situations.

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POLICY ALERT - Physician National Interest Waivers

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to confirm the evidentiary requirements for physicians seeking a national interest waiver of the job offer requirement based on work in an underserved area or at a U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs facility.

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POLICY ALERT - Bona Fide Determination Process for Qualifying Family Members of U Nonimmigrant Victims of Qualifying Crimes

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating the USCIS Policy Manual to provide that USCIS may review and determine if a qualifying family member’s petition for U nonimmigrant status is bona fide, and if already filed, adjudicate their Application for Employment Authorization (Form I-765), once the principal petitioner receives a Bona Fide Determination (BFD), even if the principal petitioner has not filed Form I-765.

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POLICY ALERT - Statelessness

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address stateless noncitizens present in the United States. This guidance becomes effective October 30, 2023.

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POLICY ALERT - Incorporating Guidance on Applicability of the Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating the USCIS Policy Manual to help applicants for adjustment of status more easily identify whether they are subject to the public charge ground of inadmissibility under section 212(a)(4) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).

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POLICY ALERT - Application Support Center Reschedule Requests and Missed Appointments

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address procedures related to biometric services appointments at an Application Support Center (ASC).

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POLICY ALERT - Employment Authorization Documents Based on Compelling Circumstances

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address eligibility criteria and standards for applications for employment authorization involving compelling circumstances.

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POLICY ALERT - Nonimmigrant Exchange Visitor (J) Visa Classification

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding the nonimmigrant exchange visitor (J) visa classification, including USCIS’ role in the adjudication of waivers of the 2-year foreign residence requirement and change of status requests under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).

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Technical Update - Removing Outdated Alert Box and Revising Part Title

This technical update to Volume 7 removes an alert box that was superseded by the Policy Manual update on October 6, 2022. This technical update also removes “EB-4" from the title of Volume 7, Part F and makes related conforming edits.

POLICY ALERT - Removing Guidance Related to the 2020 Civics Test

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to remove references to the 2020 version of the civics test.

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POLICY ALERT - Safe Address and Special Procedures for Persons Protected by 8 U.S.C. 1367

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to provide guidance on mailing address and case handling procedures for persons protected under 8 U.S.C. 1367. This guidance becomes effective July 11, 2023. Note: The effective date for this policy has changed. This guidance becomes effective October 31, 2023.

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POLICY ALERT - Venues for Administrative Naturalization Ceremonies

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify the types of venues USCIS may use for administrative naturalization ceremonies and the considerations for accepting offers to donate use of facilities.

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POLICY ALERT - Selecting Gender on USCIS Forms

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is revising policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify that benefit requestors may select their gender on USCIS forms (or change a prior gender selection) without the need to provide supporting documentation. Documents issued by USCIS as a result of the benefit adjudication will reflect the gender selected by the benefit requestor.

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POLICY ALERT - Removal of “60-Day Rule” for Report of Immigration Medical Examination and Vaccination Record (Form I-693)

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to remove the requirement that the civil surgeon’s signature on the Report of Immigration Medical Examination and Vaccination Record (Form I-693) be dated no more than 60 days before an applicant files the application for the underlying immigration benefit.

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POLICY ALERT - Filing Periods and Response Timeframes Ending on Saturdays, Sundays, or Federal Holidays

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address instances where the last day of filing a benefit request or response to a Request for Evidence or a Notice of Intent to Deny, Revoke, Rescind, or Terminate, falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or federal holiday.

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POLICY ALERT - Revision of Request for Certification of Military or Naval Service (Form N-426)

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to provide that only applicants for naturalization under Section 328 or Section 329 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) who are currently serving in the U.S. armed forces are required to file a Request for Certification of Military or Naval Service (Form N-426) along with their Application for Naturalization (Form N-400).

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POLICY ALERT - Certain Petitioning Employers’ Ability to Pay the Proffered Wage to Prospective Employee Beneficiaries

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address the analysis of an employer’s ability to pay the proffered wage for certain employment-based immigrant petition adjudications.

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POLICY ALERT - International Entrepreneur Parole

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address international entrepreneur parole.

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POLICY ALERT - Domestic Mobile Biometrics Collection and Remote Domestic Applicant Biometrics Collection

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address mobile biometrics collection and the biometrics collection of benefit requestors in remote locations.

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POLICY ALERT - Evaluating Eligibility for O-1B Visa Classification

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify how USCIS evaluates evidence to determine eligibility for the O-1B visa classification for nonimmigrants of extraordinary ability in the arts and nonimmigrants of extraordinary achievement in the motion picture or television (MPTV) industry.

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POLICY ALERT - On-Site Inspections for Religious Worker Petitions

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding on-site inspections for special immigrant and nonimmigrant religious worker petitions.

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POLICY ALERT - Special Student Relief for F-1 Nonimmigrant Students

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify the validity period of employment authorization for F-1 students experiencing severe economic hardship due to emergent circumstances (also known as special student relief (SSR)).

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POLICY ALERT - Age Calculation under Child Status Protection Act

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to update when an immigrant visa “becomes available” for the purpose of calculating Child Status Protection Act (CSPA) age in certain situations.

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Technical Update - Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility Final Rule

This technical update incorporates into Volume 8 the policy guidance that U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced December 19, 2022, addressing the public charge ground of inadmissibility under section 212(a)(4) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as implemented by the Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility Final Rule, 87 FR 55472 (PDF) (Sep. 9, 2022).

This guidance became effective December 23, 2022, and applies to adjustment of status applications postmarked (or filed electronically, if applicable) on or after that date. For applications postmarked (or submitted electronically, if applicable) before December 23, 2022, USCIS will continue to apply the public charge ground of inadmissibility consistent with the statute and the 1999 Interim Field Guidance.

Technical Update - Permanent Resident Card Replacement

This technical update to Volume 11 eliminates reference to the extension sticker for expired permanent resident cards (PRCs), which is no longer in use, and clarifies how lawful permanent residents (LPRs) can request documentation of their LPR status when their PRC is expired. This update also clarifies when a conditional permanent resident may file Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card (Form I-90).

POLICY ALERT - Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility Final Rule

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address the public charge ground of inadmissibility under section 212(a)(4) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as implemented by the Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility Final Rule, 87 FR 55472 (PDF) (Sep. 9, 2022).

The new final rule and policy guidance become effective December 23, 2022, and apply to adjustment of status applications postmarked (or filed electronically, if applicable) on or after that date. For applications postmarked (or submitted electronically, if applicable) before December 23, 2022, USCIS will continue to apply the public charge ground of inadmissibility consistent with the statute and the 1999 Interim Field Guidance.

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POLICY ALERT - Extension of Permanent Resident Card for Naturalization Applicants

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to provide that USCIS may automatically extend the validity of a Permanent Resident Card (PRC) (Form I-551) through an Application for Naturalization (Form N-400) receipt notice, without regard to whether the applicant has filed an Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card (Form I-90). This guidance becomes effective December 12, 2022.

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POLICY ALERT - Revision of Medical Certification for Disability Exceptions (Form N-648)

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify how medical professionals can properly complete the new version of the Medical Certification for Disability Exceptions (Form N-648) and request oath waivers based on a physical or developmental disability or mental impairment.

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POLICY ALERT - Calixto Settlement Agreement and Military Accessions Vital to National Interest Naturalization Applicants

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to update guidance regarding certain Military Accessions Vital to National Interest (MAVNI) naturalization applicants based on a settlement agreement in Calixto, et al., v. U.S. Dep’t of the Army, et al. (Calixto Agreement).

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POLICY ALERT - EB-5 Reform and Integrity Act of 2022

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to incorporate changes resulting from the EB-5 Reform and Integrity Act of 2022.

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POLICY ALERT - Extension of Temporary Waiver of “60-Day Rule” for Report of Medical Examination and Vaccination Record (Form I-693)

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is extending the temporary waiver of the requirement that the civil surgeon’s signature on the Report of Medical Examination and Vaccination Record (Form I-693) be dated no more than 60 days before an applicant files the application for the underlying immigration benefit.

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Technical Update - Public Charge Final Rule

This technical update to Volume 8 alerts readers to the September 9, 2022 publication of the Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility Final Rule, 87 FR 55472 (PDF), and clarifies that USCIS will continue to apply the 1999 Interim Field Guidance until the final rule goes into effect on December 23, 2022. For more information about how USCIS is applying the public charge ground of inadmissibility, see the Public Charge Resources webpage.

Technical Update - Disability Accommodation Requests

This technical update to Volume 1, General Policies and Procedures provides that anyone, including asylum and NACARA 203 applicants, may submit a disability accommodation request online.

Technical Update - Refugee Adjudications: Policies and Procedures

In accordance with Section 4(m) of Executive Order 14013 of February 4, 2021, Rebuilding and Enhancing Programs to Resettle Refugees and Planning for the Impact of Climate Change on Migration, 86 FR 8839 (Feb. 9, 2021), and considering necessary safeguards for program integrity, USCIS published several current policies and procedures related to the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program on the Refugee Adjudications: Policy and Procedures webpage. This technical update adds an alert box with a link to this webpage in the Policy Manual.

POLICY ALERT - Guidance for Special Immigrant and Nonimmigrant Religious Workers

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to reorganize and expand on existing guidance related to special immigrant religious workers.

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POLICY ALERT - L-1 Intracompany Transferees

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify how USCIS determines eligibility for L-1 nonimmigrants seeking classification as managers or executives or specialized knowledge workers. Note: This update consolidates and updates guidance that was previously contained in the Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM) Chapter 32, as well as related AFM appendices and policy memoranda. This update is not intended to change existing policy or create new policy.

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POLICY ALERT - Uncharacterized Military Discharges Eligible for Naturalization

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address eligibility of military service members with uncharacterized military discharges for purposes of naturalization under section 328 or section 329 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).

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POLICY ALERT - O-1 Nonimmigrant Status for Persons of Extraordinary Ability

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to further clarify how USCIS evaluates evidence to determine eligibility for O-1A nonimmigrants of extraordinary ability, with a focus on persons in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) fields.

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POLICY ALERT - Legislative Changes and Transition Affecting Afghan and Iraqi Special Immigrant Visas

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual on the transition of the responsibility to adjudicate certain Afghan special immigrant visa (SIV) petitions to the U.S. Department of State (DOS) and to incorporate other changes to the Afghan and Iraqi SIV classifications resulting from the Emergency Security Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2021.

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Technical Update - Clarifications Addressing Passage of EB-5 Reform and Integrity Act of 2022

This technical update to Volume 6 clarifies the Policy Manual alert boxes published on April 27, 2022 relating to the recent EB-5 Reform and Integrity Act of 2022, which authorizes an EB-5 Immigrant Investor Regional Center Program and includes various implementation effective dates for the program. On June 24, 2022, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California in Behring Regional Center LLC v. Mayorkas, et al, 3:22-cv-02487, issued a preliminary injunction enjoining USCIS “from treating as deauthorized the previously designated regional centers.” The April 27, 2022 alert remains posted for historical purposes.

POLICY ALERT - Temporary Protected Status and Eligibility for Adjustment of Status under Section 245(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating the USCIS Policy Manual to address the proper mechanism for authorizing travel by temporary protected status (TPS) beneficiaries, and how such travel may affect their eligibility for adjustment of status under section 245(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). USCIS is also updating the USCIS Policy Manual to reflect the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in Sanchez v. Mayorkas, 141 S.Ct. 1809 (2021).

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POLICY ALERT - INA 212(a)(9)(B) Policy Manual Guidance

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual on inadmissibility under section 212(a)(9)(B) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), specifically, the effect of returning to the United States during the statutory 3-year or 10-year period after departure or removal (if applicable). Under this policy guidance, a noncitizen who again seeks admission more than 3 or 10 years after the relevant departure or removal, is not inadmissible under INA 212(a)(9)(B) even if the noncitizen returned to the United States, with or without authorization, during the statutory 3-year or 10-year period.

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POLICY ALERT - Special Immigrant Juvenile Classification and Adjustment of Status

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to incorporate changes from the Special Immigrant Juvenile Petitions Final Rule (SIJ Final Rule), including updated citations, new definitions, and clarifications.

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Technical Update - Health-Related Grounds of Inadmissibility

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating existing guidance based on revised Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Technical Instructions regarding gonorrhea and syphilis.

Technical Update - Documentary Requirements for National Interest Waiver Petition

This technical update to Volume 6, Part F aligns language related to documentation required for submission with a national interest waiver petition with the Form I-140 instructions. Specifically, consistent with those instructions, this update removes reference in the Policy Manual to the requirement that a petitioner submit two copies of the employee-specific portions of a permanent labor certification (without DOL approval).

Technical Update - Implementation of Special Immigrant Juvenile Classification and Deferred Action

This technical update incorporates the policy guidance that U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced March 7, 2022, to consider deferred action (and related employment authorization) for noncitizens classified as Special Immigrant Juveniles (SIJs) who are ineligible to apply for adjustment of status to lawful permanent resident (LPR) status solely due to visa unavailability. This guidance became effective May 6, 2022.

Technical Update - Passage of EB-5 Reform and Integrity Act of 2022

This technical update to Volume 6 alerts readers to the passage of the EB-5 Reform and Integrity Act of 2022, which authorizes an EB-5 Immigrant Investor Regional Center Program and includes various implementation effective dates for the program. The alert boxes refer readers to uscis.gov for the latest information on the implementation of that law. In addition, this update reserves and moves all of the content in Chapter 3 (Regional Center Designation, Reporting, Amendments, and Termination) to an appendix (Regional Center Program Prior to March 15, 2022) as Congress repealed that program.

POLICY ALERT - Interview Waiver Criteria for Family-Based Conditional Permanent Residents

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual on interview waiver criteria for family-based conditional permanent residents (CPRs) filing petitions to remove the conditions on permanent residence.

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POLICY ALERT - Qualifying Published Material and Scope of Leading or Critical Role in Extraordinary Ability and Outstanding Professor or Researcher Visa Classifications

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating the USCIS Policy Manual to align existing guidance on certain first preference immigrants with a recent Policy Manual update relating to nonimmigrants of extraordinary ability.

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POLICY ALERT - Documentation of Employment Authorization for Certain E and L Nonimmigrant Dependent Spouses

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address the documentation that certain E and L spouses may use as evidence of employment authorization incident to their status.

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POLICY ALERT - Special Immigrant Juvenile Classification and Deferred Action

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating the USCIS Policy Manual to consider deferred action (and related employment authorization) for noncitizens classified as Special Immigrant Juveniles (SIJs) who are ineligible to apply for adjustment of status to lawful permanent resident (LPR) status solely due to visa unavailability. This guidance becomes effective May 6, 2022.

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Technical Update - Request to Transfer Underlying Basis

This technical update to Volume 7 removes specific information about where to submit requests to transfer the underlying basis of a pending adjustment application and instead points readers to the instructions for requesting a transfer of basis on the USCIS website.

Technical Update - Updating USCIS Mission Statement

This technical update to Volume 1, Part A, incorporates the new USCIS mission statement: USCIS upholds America’s promise as a nation of welcome and possibility with fairness, integrity, and respect for all we serve.

Technical Update - Critical and Emerging Technologies in National Interest Waiver Context

This technical update to Volume 6 provides information in a footnote on the latest resources available to determine critical and emerging technologies.

Technical Update - Providing Link to Public Charge Resources Webpage

USCIS is administering the public charge inadmissibility statute (section 212(a)(4) of the Immigration and Nationality Act) consistent with the 1999 Interim Field Guidance to determine whether a noncitizen is inadmissible as likely at any time to become a public charge. The 1999 Interim Field Guidance is the policy that was in place before the 2019 Public Charge Final Rule was implemented. The 2019 Public Charge Final Rule is no longer in effect. For more information about how USCIS is applying the public charge ground of inadmissibility, see the Public Charge Resources webpage.

POLICY ALERT - Violence Against Women Act Self-Petitions

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is publishing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual addressing Violence Against Women Act Self-Petitions.

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POLICY ALERT - Clarifying the Temporary Need Exemption for Certain H-2B Workers on Guam and in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify how a petitioner may demonstrate that it qualifies for an exemption from the temporary need requirement for a nonimmigrant visa petition for a temporary nonagricultural H-2B worker on Guam and in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) that falls under the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (FY 2021 NDAA).

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POLICY ALERT - Updating General Guidelines on Maximum Validity Periods for Employment Authorization Documents based on Certain Filing Categories

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating guidelines in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding validity periods for Employment Authorization Documents (EADs) for asylees and refugees, noncitizens with withholding of deportation or removal, noncitizens with deferred action, parolees, and Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) self-petitioners.

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POLICY ALERT - Use of Medical Examination Completed Abroad for Afghan Nationals Applying for Adjustment of Status After Evacuation Under Operation Allies Welcome

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to allow certain Afghan nationals applying for adjustment of status after evacuation under Operation Allies Welcome (OAW) to use the report of an immigration medical examination completed abroad by a panel physician to satisfy the requirement normally demonstrated on a Report of Medical Examination and Vaccination Record (Form I-693) completed by a USCIS-designated civil surgeon, as long as certain conditions are met.

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POLICY ALERT - Photographs and Signatures for Applications for Certificates of Citizenship

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to specify that persons submitting an Application for Certificate of Citizenship (Form N-600) will generally now have their photographs taken at a biometrics appointment instead of submitting paper photographs and handwritten signatures, as applicable.

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Technical Update - Extension of Conditional Permanent Residence While Form I-829 is Pending

This technical update to Volume 6 removes references to the period of time for which the Petition by Investor to Remove Conditions on Permanent Resident Status (Form I-829) receipt notice shows proof of conditional permanent resident status.

POLICY ALERT - USCIS Expedite Criteria and Circumstances

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding criteria used to determine whether a case warrants expedited treatment.

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POLICY ALERT - National Interest Waivers for Advanced Degree Professionals or Persons of Exceptional Ability

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address requests for national interest waivers for advanced degree professionals or persons of exceptional ability.

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POLICY ALERT - O-1 Nonimmigrant Status for Persons of Extraordinary Ability or Achievement

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify how USCIS evaluates evidence to determine eligibility for O-1A nonimmigrants of extraordinary ability, with a focus on persons in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) fields, as well as how USCIS determines whether an O-1 beneficiary’s prospective work is within the beneficiary’s area of extraordinary ability or achievement.

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POLICY ALERT - Determining the Appropriate O-1B Classification for Persons of Extraordinary Ability in the Arts or Extraordinary Achievement in the Motion Picture or Television Industry

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify how USCIS determines whether an O-1B beneficiary is evaluated as a person of extraordinary ability in the arts (O-1B Arts) or as a person of extraordinary achievement in the motion picture or television industry (O-1B MPTV).

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POLICY ALERT - Temporary Waiver of “60-Day Rule” for Report of Medical Examination and Vaccination Record (Form I-693)

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is temporarily waiving the requirement that the civil surgeon’s signature on the Report of Medical Examination and Vaccination Record (Form I-693) be dated no more than 60 days before an applicant files the application for the underlying immigration benefit.

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POLICY ALERT - General Adjudications

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is incorporating and superseding existing guidance into the USCIS Policy Manual addressing topics in the context of general adjudications, including evidence, sworn statements, and adjudicative decisions.

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POLICY ALERT - Adoptions

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is publishing a volume in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding adoptions. This guidance incorporates basic requirements for the submission of adoption-based applications and petitions to USCIS.

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POLICY ALERT - Demonstrating Eligibility for Modification under Section 337 of the Immigration and Nationality Act

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify guidance related to requests for modifications to the Oath of Allegiance.

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POLICY ALERT - Employment Authorization for Certain H-4, E, and L Nonimmigrant Dependent Spouses

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address automatic extension of employment authorization for certain H-4, E, and L nonimmigrant dependent spouses. USCIS is also rescinding the 2002 Legacy Immigration and Naturalization Service memorandum entitled, “Guidance on Employment Authorization for E and L Nonimmigrant Spouses, and for Determinations on the Requisite Employment Abroad for L Blanket Petition” (2002 INS memorandum).

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POLICY ALERT - Clarifying Guidance on Military Service Members and Naturalization

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to provide clarifications regarding certain naturalization applications filed by current or former members of the U.S. armed forces under sections 328 and 329 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).

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POLICY ALERT - Evidence Supporting Liberian Refugee Immigration Fairness-Based Adjustment of Status Applications

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify what steps applicants must take if they are not able to submit primary evidence of Liberian nationality to support an application for adjustment of status under the Liberian Refugee Immigration Fairness (LRIF) law.

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POLICY ALERT - T Nonimmigrant Status for Victims of Severe Forms of Trafficking in Persons

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding the adjudication of applications for T nonimmigrant status for victims of severe forms of trafficking in persons.

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Technical Update - Implementation of COVID-19 Vaccination Requirement for Immigration Medical Examination

This technical update incorporates the policy guidance that U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced September 14, 2021, regarding health-related grounds of inadmissibility in accordance with recently updated requirements issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The updated guidance requires applicants subject to the immigration medical examination to submit COVID-19 vaccination records before completion of immigration medical examinations conducted in the United States and overseas. This guidance became effective October 1, 2021.

Technical Update - Incorporating Eleventh Circuit Case Law

This technical update to Volume 8 modifies several footnotes to note the divergence from the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA)’s decision in Matter of Richmond, 26 I&N Dec. 779, 787 (BIA 2016) in the Eleventh Circuit. In Patel v. U.S. Att'y Gen., 971 F.3d 1258, 1272 (11th Cir. 2020) (en banc), the Eleventh Circuit held that a false claim to U.S. citizenship does not have to be material in order to result in inadmissibility. This decision only applies to cases within the jurisdiction of the Eleventh Circuit, which covers Georgia, Alabama, and Florida. This update also removes redundant footnotes.

Technical Update - End of Temporary Extension of Validity Period of Report of Medical Examination and Vaccination Record (Form I-693)

This technical update to Volume 8 removes the temporary extension of the validity period of the Report of Medical Examination and Vaccination Record (Form I-693) announced August 12, 2021. This temporary extension expires October 1, 2021.

POLICY ALERT - Refugee and Asylee Adjustment of Status Interview Criteria and Guidelines

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding interview criteria for asylee and refugee adjustment of status applicants.

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POLICY ALERT - COVID-19 Vaccination Requirement for Immigration Medical Examination

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding health-related grounds of inadmissibility in accordance with recently updated requirements issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The updated guidance requires applicants subject to the immigration medical examination to submit COVID-19 vaccination records before completion of immigration medical examinations conducted in the United States and overseas. This guidance becomes effective October 1, 2021.

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POLICY ALERT - Temporary Extension of Validity Period of Report of Medical Examination and Vaccination Record (Form I-693)

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is temporarily extending the validity period of the Report of Medical Examination and Vaccination Record (Form I-693). This temporary extension is effective through September 30, 2021.

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POLICY ALERT - Rescinding Guidance on Discretionary Employment Authorization for Parolees

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is rescinding policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual on discretionary employment authorization for parolees.

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POLICY ALERT - Assisted Reproductive Technology and In-Wedlock Determinations for Immigration and Citizenship Purposes

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding the determination of whether a child born outside the United States, including a child born through Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), is considered born “in wedlock.”

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POLICY ALERT - Extension of Blanket Civil Surgeon Designation for Certain Afghan Special Immigrant Visa Applicants

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address the urgent need for additional civil surgeons to conduct immigration medical examinations in support of Operation Allies Refuge. This guidance became effective July 26, 2021.

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Technical Update - Adding References to the EB-5 Visa Program in Child Status Protection Act Guidance

This technical update to Volume 7 includes references to the EB-5 visa program and Form I-526, Immigrant Petition by Alien Investor, and clarifications regarding the Child Status Protection Act eligibility of derivative applicants of the VAWA-based Form I-360, Petition for Amerasian, Widow(er), or Special Immigrant.

POLICY ALERT - Immigrant Investors and Investment of Loan Proceeds

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is revising policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to comply with a recent court order.

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POLICY ALERT - Change of Status to Nonimmigrant Student (F-1) Visa Classification

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding applications for change of status (COS) to F-1 classification.

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Technical Update - Removing References to the U.S. Department of State’s 90-Day Rule

This technical update to Volume 8 removes all references to the U.S. Department of State’s 90-day rule.

Technical Update - EB-5 Modernization Rule Vacatur

This technical update explains that on June 22, 2021, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, in Behring Regional Center LLC v. Wolf, 20-cv-09263-JSC, vacated the EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program Modernization Final Rule (PDF). While USCIS considers this decision, USCIS will apply the EB-5 regulations and policies that were in effect before the rule was finalized on November 21, 2019.

Technical Update - Liberian Refugee Immigration Fairness

This technical update to Volume 7 clarifies what evidence an applicant may submit to establish Liberian nationality when applying for adjustment of status under the Liberian Refugee Immigration Fairness (LRIF) law. It includes examples of secondary evidence that could support an applicant’s claim of Liberian nationality, as part of the totality of the evidence.

POLICY ALERT - Bona Fide Determination Process for Victims of Qualifying Crimes, and Employment Authorization and Deferred Action for Certain Petitioners

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is publishing guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual on employment authorization and deferred action for principal petitioners for U nonimmigrant status and qualifying family members with pending, bona fide petitions.

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POLICY ALERT - Requests for Evidence and Notices of Intent to Deny

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address the circumstances in which officers should issue Requests for Evidence (RFEs) and Notices of Intent to Deny (NOIDs).

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POLICY ALERT - USCIS Expedite Criteria and Circumstances

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding criteria used to determine whether a case warrants expedited treatment.

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POLICY ALERT - Employment Authorization for Certain Adjustment Applicants

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to increase the amount of time a grant of employment authorization is valid for applicants seeking adjustment of status under Section 245 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).

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POLICY ALERT - Veterans Residing Outside the United States and Naturalization

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to provide clarifications regarding certain naturalization applications filed by veterans of the U.S. armed forces under section 329 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). These clarifications ensure eligible military veterans who served honorably during specifically designated periods of hostility and meet all other statutory requirements for naturalization are able to naturalize and become U.S. citizens in accordance with U.S. immigration laws.

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POLICY ALERT - Naturalization Eligibility and Voter Registration Through a State’s Benefit Application Process

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding applicants’ registration to vote through a state’s department of motor vehicles or other state benefit application process and the effects on an applicant’s good moral character (GMC).

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POLICY ALERT - Preserving Continuous Residence and Physical Presence for Purposes of Naturalization while Engaged in Religious Duties Outside the United States

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding preservation of continuous residence and physical presence for naturalization purposes for applicants engaged outside the United States in a qualifying religious vocation under section 317 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).

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Technical Update - Incorporating New INA 320(c) Provision into Nationality Chart 3 - Derivative Citizenship of Children

This technical update to Volume 12 incorporates into Nationality Chart 3 the new INA 320(c) provision, as amended by Section 2 of the Citizenship for Children of Military Members and Civil Servants Act, regarding the automatic citizenship of a foreign-born child of a U.S. citizen employee of the U.S. government  or member of the U.S. armed forces.

Technical Update - Incorporating Existing Guidance into the Policy Manual

This technical update is part of an initiative to move existing policy guidance from the Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM) into the Policy Manual. This update does not make major substantive changes but consolidates and incorporates existing AFM guidance into the Policy Manual, streamlining USCIS’ immigration policy while removing obsolete information. This guidance replaces Chapter 30.4 of the AFM, related appendices, and policy memoranda.

Technical Update - Incorporating Existing Guidance into the Policy Manual

This technical update is part of an initiative to move existing policy guidance from the Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM) into the Policy Manual. This update does not make major substantive changes but consolidates and incorporates existing AFM guidance into the Policy Manual, streamlining USCIS’ immigration policy while removing obsolete information. This guidance replaces Chapter 21.7 of the AFM, related appendices, and policy memoranda.

Technical Update - Incorporating Existing Guidance into the Policy Manual

This technical update is part of an initiative to move existing policy guidance from the Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM) into the Policy Manual. This update does not make major substantive changes but consolidates and incorporates existing AFM guidance into the Policy Manual, streamlining USCIS’ immigration policy while removing obsolete information. This guidance replaces Chapters 22.1 and 22.2 of the AFM, related appendices, and policy memoranda.

Technical Update - Program Extension and Visa Numbers for Special Immigrant Visas for Afghans Who Were Employed by or on Behalf of the U.S. Government

This technical update directs readers to visit the USCIS webpage for the latest information on Special Immigrant Visa (SIV) program extensions and visa numbers for Afghans who were employed by or on behalf of the U.S. Government.

POLICY ALERT - Exemption to the Temporary Need Requirement for Certain H-2B Workers on Guam and in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands under the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is providing guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding the filing and adjudication of temporary nonagricultural worker (H-2B) nonimmigrant visa petitions that fall under Section 9502 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (FY 2021 NDAA).

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Technical Update - Replacing the Term “Alien”

This technical update replaces all instances of the term “alien” with “noncitizen” or other appropriate terms throughout the Policy Manual where possible, as used to refer to a person who meets the definition provided in INA 101(a)(3) [“any person not a citizen or national of the United States”].

POLICY ALERT - Deference to Prior Determinations of Eligibility in Requests for Extensions of Petition Validity

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address the issue of deference to prior determinations of eligibility by an officer when adjudicating a request for an extension of petition validity.

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Technical Update - Temporary Proof of Lawful Permanent Resident Status

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding the temporary proof of status USCIS provides to lawful permanent residents (LPRs) applying to replace an expiring Permanent Resident Card (PRC).

POLICY ALERT - Additional Guidance Relating to P-1A Internationally Recognized Athletes

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to update and clarify guidance for internationally recognized athletes (P-1A nonimmigrants).

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POLICY ALERT - Special Immigrant Juvenile Classification and Saravia v. Barr Settlement

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating the USCIS Policy Manual regarding the special immigrant juvenile (SIJ) classification to incorporate changes agreed to in the settlement agreement resulting from the Saravia v. Barr class action lawsuit.

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Technical Update - Removing Guidance on Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds

This technical update removes the guidance in Volume 2, Part A, Chapter 4, Volume 8, Part G, and Volume 12, Part D, Chapter 2 relating to the administration of the public charge ground of inadmissibility under the Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds final rule, 84 FR 41292 (Aug. 14, 2019); as amended by Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds; Correction, 84 FR 52357 (Oct. 2, 2019) ( “Public Charge Final Rule”), which was implemented on Feb. 24, 2020. On Nov. 2, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois vacated the Public Charge Final Rule nationwide. On Nov. 3, 2020, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit issued an administrative stay and, on Nov. 19, 2020, a stay pending appeal of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois’ Nov. 2, 2020 decision. On Mar. 9, 2021, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit lifted its stay and the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois’ order vacating the Public Charge Final Rule went into effect. USCIS immediately stopped applying the Public Charge Final Rule to all pending applications and petitions that would have been subject to the rule. For information on related litigation affecting implementation, see the Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds Final Rule: Litigation webpage.

Technical Update - Implementation of Revised Guidance on Naturalization Civics Educational Requirement

This technical update incorporates into Volume 12 the policy guidance that U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced February 22, 2021, addressing educational requirements for naturalization to demonstrate a knowledge and understanding of the fundamentals of the history, and of the principles and form of government, of the United States (civics) under section 312 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Specifically, USCIS is reverting back to the 2008 version of the civics test, allowing a brief period during which USCIS may also offer the 2020 version of the test to applicants affected by the timing of this update. This guidance became effective March 1, 2021.

POLICY ALERT - Revising Guidance on Naturalization Civics Educational Requirement

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding the educational requirements for naturalization to demonstrate a knowledge and understanding of the fundamentals of the history, and of the principles and form of government, of the United States (civics) under section 312 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). Specifically, USCIS is reverting back to the 2008 version of the civics test, allowing a brief period during which USCIS may also offer the 2020 version of the test to applicants affected by the timing of this update. This guidance becomes effective March 1, 2021.

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Technical Update - Updating Filing Deadline for Liberian Refugee Immigration Fairness Adjustment of Status Applications

This technical update to Volume 7 adjusts the filing deadline for Liberian Refugee Immigration Fairness (LRIF) adjustment of status applications to December 20, 2021, to reflect an extension by Congress.

POLICY ALERT - Applications for Discretionary Employment Authorization Involving Certain Adjustment Applications or Deferred Action

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is providing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding applications for discretionary employment authorization based on 8 CFR 274a.12(c)(9) (pending application for adjustment of status under INA 245) or 8 CFR 274a.12(c)(14) (grant of deferred action). USCIS is also providing guidance outlining the categories of aliens eligible for discretionary employment authorization.

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POLICY ALERT - Refugee and Asylee Adjustment of Status Interview Criteria and Guidelines

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding adjustment of status interview waiver categories and expanding the interview criteria for asylee and refugee adjustment of status applicants.

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Technical Update - Incorporating Existing Guidance into the Policy Manual

This technical update is part of an initiative to move existing policy guidance from the Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM) into the Policy Manual. This update does not make major substantive changes but consolidates and incorporates existing AFM guidance into the Policy Manual, streamlining USCIS’ immigration policy while removing obsolete information. This guidance replaces Chapter 23.5(c) of the AFM, related appendices, and policy memoranda.

Technical Update - Clarifying Acquisition of Citizenship Requirement in Nationality Chart 2 for Children Born Out of Wedlock Before May 24, 1934

This technical update to Volume 12 incorporates a clarification to Nationality Chart 2 to align with the provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act of 1994 (INTCA), which affected acquisition of citizenship for children born before May 24, 1934. Specifically, this technical update clarifies that an alien child born out of wedlock before May 24, 1934 acquires citizenship retroactively to the time of birth in cases where the child’s mother resided in the United States at any time before the child’s birth, regardless of whether the child was legitimated by the alien father.

POLICY ALERT - Properly Completed Medical Certification For Disability Exception (N-648)

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to reflect changes made in the new version of the Medical Certification for Disability Exception (Form N-648).

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POLICY ALERT - Schedule A Designation

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address Schedule A designations.

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Technical Update - Implementation of Redesigned Civics Test for Educational Requirement for Naturalization

This technical update incorporates into Volume 12 the policy guidance that U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced November 13, 2020, addressing the educational requirements for naturalization on the knowledge and understanding of the fundamentals of the history, and of the principles and form of government, of the United States (civics) under section 312 of the Immigration and Nationality Act. This guidance became effective December 1, 2020.

POLICY ALERT - Prerequisite of Lawful Admission for Permanent Residence under All Applicable Provisions for Purposes of Naturalization

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to ensure consistency in the naturalization decision-making process and to clarify circumstances under which an applicant may be found ineligible for naturalization if the applicant was not lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence in accordance with all applicable provisions under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).

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POLICY ALERT - Job Portability after Filing Application to Adjust Status

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to consolidate and update guidance on the ability to change to a same or similar job, also known as portability, for certain beneficiaries of employment-based immigrant petitions after they have applied to adjust status.

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POLICY ALERT - Use of Discretion for Adjustment of Status

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating existing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding the discretionary factors to consider in adjudications of adjustment of status applications.

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POLICY ALERT - Civics Educational Requirement for Purposes of Naturalization

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding the educational requirements for naturalization on the knowledge and understanding of the fundamentals of the history, and of the principles and form of government, of the United States (civics) under section 312 of the Immigration and Nationality Act. This guidance becomes effective December 1, 2020.

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POLICY ALERT - Age and “Sought to Acquire” Requirement under Child Status Protection Act

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding the Child Status Protection Act (CSPA), to include how USCIS calculates age under certain contexts and what actions satisfy the “sought to acquire” requirement.

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POLICY ALERT - Nonimmigrant Cultural Visitor (Q) Visa Classification

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding the nonimmigrant cultural visitor visa classification, commonly known as the “Q” visa category.

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POLICY ALERT - Temporary Protected Status and Eligibility for Adjustment of Status under Section 245(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding whether temporary protected status (TPS) beneficiaries are eligible for adjustment of status under section 245(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).

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POLICY ALERT - Inadmissibility Based on Membership in a Totalitarian Party

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address inadmissibility based on membership in or affiliation with the Communist or any other totalitarian party.

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Technical Update - Clarifying Requests for Relief Under INA 204(l)

This technical update clarifies how applicants and petitioners may request relief under INA 204(l).

POLICY ALERT - Residency Requirements for Children of Service Members and Government Employees Residing Outside of the United States for Purposes of Acquisition of Citizenship

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding residency requirements under Section 320 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), as amended by the Citizenship for Children of Military Members and Civil Servants Act.

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POLICY ALERT - O Nonimmigrant Visa Classification

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to update and consolidate guidance related to O nonimmigrant classifications.

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Technical Update - Incorporating Existing Guidance into the Policy Manual

This technical update is part of an initiative to move existing policy guidance from the Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM) into the Policy Manual. This update does not make major substantive changes but consolidates and incorporates existing AFM guidance into the Policy Manual, streamlining USCIS’ immigration policy while removing obsolete information. This guidance replaces Chapter 33 of the AFM, related appendices, and policy memoranda.

Technical Update - Clarifying Dates of Absence for Continuous Residence

This technical update clarifies the examples provided to illustrate the impact of absences from the United States for purposes of the continuous residence requirement for naturalization, including the hypothetical dates used in the examples.

POLICY ALERT - Fee Schedule and Changes to Certain Other Immigration Benefit Request Requirements Final Rule

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is revising its policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to align with the Fee Schedule and Changes to Certain Other Immigration Benefit Request Requirements Final Rule, published in the Federal Register on August 3, 2020. This guidance becomes effective October 2, 2020. For information regarding implementation, see Appendix: 2020 Fee Rule Litigation Summary.

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Technical Update - Braille-Related Accommodations for the Naturalization Test

This technical update incorporates references to Braille-related accommodations for the naturalization test.

Technical Update - Removing Exemption from Discretion for Asylum Applicants Seeking Employment Authorization under 8 CFR 274a.12(c)(8)

This technical update removes the exemption from discretion for asylum applicants seeking employment authorization under 8 CFR 274a.12(c)(8). The Asylum Application, Interview, and Employment Authorization for Applicants Final Rule (Final Rule) (effective August 25, 2020) amended 8 CFR 274a.13(a)(1) to eliminate the exemption. Accordingly, asylum applicants who file applications for employment authorization on or after August 25, 2020 are subject to discretion like other applicants seeking employment authorization under 8 CFR 274a.12(c). Note: On September 11, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the District of Maryland in Casa de Maryland et al v. Chad Wolf provided limited injunctive relief to members of two organizations, CASA de Maryland (CASA) and the Asylum Seeker Advocacy Project (ASAP), in the application of the Final Rule to Form I-589s and Form I-765s filed by asylum applicants who are also members of CASA or ASAP. Therefore, while the rule is preliminarily enjoined, we will continue to apply the prior regulatory language and exempt from discretion CASA and ASAP members who file a Form I-765 based on an asylum application.

POLICY ALERT - Clarifying Procedures for Terminating Asylum Status in Relation to Consideration of an Application for Adjustment of Status

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to update and clarify the procedures USCIS officers follow when termination of asylum status is considered in relation to adjudicating an asylum-based adjustment of status application.

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Technical Update - Foreign Residency Requirement

This technical update provides clarification on the 2-year foreign residence requirement for certain exchange visitors subject to INA 212(e).

Technical Update - Incorporating Existing Guidance into the Policy Manual

This technical update is part of an initiative to move existing policy guidance from the Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM) into the Policy Manual. This update does not make major substantive changes but consolidates and incorporates existing AFM guidance into the Policy Manual, streamlining USCIS’ immigration policy while removing obsolete information. This guidance replaces Chapters 22.3 and 26 of the AFM, related appendices, and policy memoranda.

POLICY ALERT - Clarifying Guidance for Deployment of Capital in Employment-Based Fifth Preference (EB-5) Category

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing clarifying policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding deployment of investment capital, including further deployment after the job creation requirement is satisfied.

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POLICY ALERT - Applying Discretion in USCIS Adjudications

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is consolidating existing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding the discretionary analysis required in the adjudication of certain benefit requests, including certain applications for employment authorization.

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Technical Update - Removing Obsolete Form I-508F

This technical update removes references to Form I-508F, Request for Waiver of Certain Rights, Privileges, Exemptions and Immunities. French nationals are covered by a special convention between France and the United States. Previously, French nationals were required to submit both Form I-508 and Form I-508F to USCIS. The 11/08/19 form edition combines information from both forms. Therefore, French nationals are now only required to submit Form I-508.

Technical Update - Removing WA Food Assistance Program from the List of Public Benefits Considered

This technical update removes the WA Food Assistance Program for Legal Immigrants from the list of examples of state, local, and tribal cash assistance programs that are considered income maintenance for purposes of the public charge inadmissibility determination.

Technical Update - Moving the Adjudicator’s Field Manual Content into the USCIS Policy Manual

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating and incorporating relevant Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM) content into the USCIS Policy Manual. As that process is ongoing, USCIS has moved any remaining AFM content to its corresponding USCIS Policy Manual Part, in PDF format, until relevant AFM content has been properly incorporated into the USCIS Policy Manual. To the extent that a provision in the USCIS Policy Manual conflicts with remaining AFM content or Policy Memoranda, the updated information in the USCIS Policy Manual prevails. To find remaining AFM content, see the crosswalk (PDF, 332.97 KB) between the AFM and the Policy Manual.

Technical Update - National Interest Waiver Portability Provisions

This technical update clarifies guidance within the USCIS Policy Manual on portability for physicians with an approved immigrant petition based on a national interest waiver (NIW) applying for adjustment of status, and the applicability of the 2-year foreign residence requirement of INA 212(e) to certain NIW physicians.

Technical Update - Incorporating Existing Guidance into the Policy Manual

This technical update is part of an initiative to move existing policy guidance from the Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM) into the Policy Manual. This update does not make major substantive changes but consolidates and incorporates existing AFM guidance into the Policy Manual, streamlining USCIS’ immigration policy while removing obsolete information. This guidance replaces Chapters 1, 3.4, 10.2, 10.3(a), 10.3(c), 10.3(e), 10.3(i), 10.4, 10.22, 11.1(c), 13, 14, 17, 23.8, 31.7, 33.10, 34.5, 35, 41.6, 42, 44, 56.1, 56.3, 56.4, 62, 81, 82, 83.1, 83.2, and 83.3 of the AFM, related appendices, and policy memoranda.

POLICY ALERT - False Claim to U.S. Citizenship Ground of Inadmissibility and Matter of Zhang

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding the false claim to U.S. citizenship ground of inadmissibility.

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Technical Update - Removing Obsolete Form I-864W

This technical update removes references to Form I-864W, Request for Exemption for Intending Immigrant’s Affidavit of Support, which was discontinued by the Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds Rule and is no longer used by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.

POLICY ALERT - Liberian Refugee Immigration Fairness

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding eligibility requirements, filing, and adjudication of adjustment of status applications based on the Liberian Refugee Immigration Fairness law.

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Technical Update - Replacing the Term “Entrepreneur”

This technical update replaces instances of the term “entrepreneur” with “investor” throughout the Policy Manual in accordance with the EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program Final Rule.

Technical Update - Use of Photographs as Biometrics

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is incorporating general information on USCIS’ use of photographs as biometrics.

POLICY ALERT - Submission of Benefit Requests

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding submission of benefit requests to USCIS.

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POLICY ALERT - Effect of Breaks in Continuity of Residence on Eligibility for Naturalization

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address naturalization applicants’ absences from the United States of more than 6 months but less than 1 year during the statutorily required continuous residence period.

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POLICY ALERT - Implementation of Guidance on Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds

Note: On Nov. 2, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois vacated the Public Charge Final Rule nationwide. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit later issued a stay of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois’ Nov. 2, 2020 decision. On Mar. 9, 2021, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit lifted the stay and the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois’ order vacating the Public Charge Final Rule went into effect. USCIS immediately stopped applying the Public Charge Final Rule to all pending applications and petitions that would have been subject to the rule. For information on related litigation affecting implementation, see the Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds Final Rule: Litigation webpage. The alert text below and related guidance are no longer in effect.

This update incorporates into Volumes 2, 8, and 12 policy guidance that U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced February 5, 2020, implementing the Inadmissibility of Public Charge Grounds Final Rule. This guidance is in effect as of February 24, 2020 and applies nationwide to all applications and petitions postmarked on or after that date. Certain classes of aliens are exempt from the public charge ground of inadmissibility (such as refugees, asylees, certain VAWA self-petitioners, U petitioners, and T applicants) and therefore, are not subject to the Final Rule. For more information about the classes of [noncitizens] who are exempt from the Final Rule, see the appendices related to applicability. For information on related litigation affecting implementation, see the USCIS webpage on the injunction.

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POLICY ALERT - Public Charge Ground of Inadmissibility

Note: On Nov. 2, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois vacated the Public Charge Final Rule nationwide. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit later issued a stay of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois’ Nov. 2, 2020 decision. On Mar. 9, 2021, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit lifted the stay and the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois’ order vacating the Public Charge Final Rule went into effect. USCIS immediately stopped applying the Public Charge Final Rule to all pending applications and petitions that would have been subject to the rule. For information on related litigation affecting implementation, see the Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds Final Rule: Litigation webpage. The alert text below and related guidance are no longer in effect.

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address the final rule on the public charge ground of inadmissibility. This policy guidance is effective on February 24, 2020, and will apply to all applicants and petitioners filing applications and petitions for adjustment of status, extension of stay, and change of status, except for applicants and petitioners in the State of Illinois, whose cases will be adjudicated under prior policy, including the 1999 Interim Field Guidance (PDF) and AFM Ch. 61.1 (PDF). For additional information, see Public Charge Inadmissibility Determinations in Illinois. Certain classes of aliens are exempt from the public charge ground of inadmissibility (such as refugees, asylees, certain VAWA self-petitioners, U petitioners, and T applicants) and therefore, are not subject to the Inadmissibility on Public Charge Grounds final rule. For more information about the classes of [noncitizens] who are exempt from the final rule, see the appendices related to applicability.

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POLICY ALERT - Accepting Petition for Alien Relative (Form I-130) Abroad

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address the limited circumstances in which USCIS has delegated authority to the U.S. Department of State to accept and adjudicate the Form I-130 filed abroad at U.S. embassies and consulates. This guidance becomes effective February 1, 2020.

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POLICY ALERT - Biometrics Services Updates

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address the availability of mobile biometrics services and clarify guidance on the validity period for fingerprint waivers.

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POLICY ALERT - Replacing Permanent Resident Card

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding eligibility requirements, filing, and adjudication of requests to replace Permanent Resident Cards using the Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card (Form I-90).

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Technical Update - Naturalization of Spouses Subjected to Battery or Extreme Cruelty by U.S. Citizen Spouse

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify that the spouse of a U.S. citizen who was subjected to battery or extreme cruelty by his or her U.S. citizen spouse does not need to establish that he or she is still married to the abusive spouse at the time he or she files the application for naturalization.

POLICY ALERT - Effect of Travel Abroad by Temporary Protected Status Beneficiaries with Final Orders of Removal

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify the effect of travel outside the United States by temporary protected status beneficiaries who have final removal orders.

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Technical Update - Naturalization for Surviving Spouse, Child, or Parent of Service Member

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is clarifying guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to indicate that the spouse, child, or parent of a deceased U.S. citizen member of the U.S. armed forces who died “during a period of honorable service” (instead of as the result of honorable service) may be eligible for naturalization as the surviving relative of the service member, consistent with the statutory language in INA 319(d).

POLICY ALERT - Conditional Bar to Good Moral Character for Unlawful Acts

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual on unlawful acts during the applicable statutory period that reflect adversely on moral character and may prevent an applicant from meeting the good moral character requirement for naturalization.

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POLICY ALERT - Implementing the Decisions on Driving Under the Influence Convictions on Good Moral Character Determinations and Post-Sentencing Changes

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding how post-sentencing changes to criminal sentences impact convictions for immigration purposes and how two or more driving under the influence convictions affects good moral character determinations. These updates incorporate two recent decisions issued by the Attorney General.

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Technical Update - Health-Related Grounds of Inadmissibility

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating existing guidance based on revised Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Technical Instructions regarding tuberculosis, gonorrhea, and syphilis and the change in nomenclature from leprosy to Hansen’s Disease. USCIS is also updating how USCIS submits a request to CDC for advisory opinion and removing the outdated vaccination chart.

Technical Update - Implementation of Fees for Submission of Benefit Requests

This technical update incorporates into Volume 1 the policy guidance that U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced October 25, 2019, regarding submission and acceptance of fees for immigration benefit requests. USCIS published this guidance with an effective date of December 2, 2019. Note: On December 11, 2019, the Federal District Court for the Northern District of California in Seattle v. DHS enjoined the Department of Homeland Security from requiring use of the new version of Form I-912, Request for Fee Waiver. USCIS has noted this in the corresponding Policy Manual guidance and reinstated the prior fee waiver policy guidance at AFM 10.9 (PDF, 2.55 MB) and 10.10 (PDF, 2.55 MB).

POLICY ALERT - Adjustment on New Basis After Termination of Conditional Permanent Residence

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to update and clarify when USCIS may adjust the status of an applicant whose conditional permanent resident (CPR) status was terminated.

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POLICY ALERT - USCIS Special Immigrant Juvenile Classification

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating the USCIS Policy Manual regarding the special immigrant juvenile (SIJ) classification.

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POLICY ALERT - EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program Modernization Final Rule

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is revising its policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to align with the EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program Modernization Final Rule, published on July 24, 2019, and effective November 21, 2019. Note: On June 22, 2021, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California, in Behring Regional Center LLC v. Wolf, 20-cv-09263-JSC, vacated the EB-5 Immigrant Investor Program Modernization Final Rule (PDF). While USCIS considers this decision, USCIS will apply the EB-5 regulations and policies that were in effect before the rule was finalized on November 21, 2019.

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Technical Update - Implementation of Policy Guidance on Defining “Residence” in Statutory Provisions Related to Citizenship

This technical update incorporates into Volume 12 the policy guidance that U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced August 28, 2019 addressing requirements for “residence” in statutory provisions related to citizenship. This guidance became effective October 29, 2019. 

POLICY ALERT - Fees for Submission of Benefit Requests

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding submission and acceptance of fees for immigration benefit requests, with an effective date of December 2, 2019. Note: On December 11, 2019, the Federal District Court for the Northern District of California in Seattle v. DHS enjoined the Department of Homeland Security from requiring use of the new version of Form I-912, Request for Fee Waiver. USCIS has noted this in the corresponding Policy Manual guidance and reinstated the prior fee waiver policy guidance at AFM 10.9 (PDF, 2.87 MB) (PDF, 2.55 MB) and 10.10 (PDF, 2.87 MB) (PDF, 2.55 MB).

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Technical Update - Replacing the Term “Foreign National”

This technical update replaces all instances of the term “foreign national” with “alien” throughout the Policy Manual as used to refer to a person who meets the definition provided in INA 101(a)(3) [“any person not a citizen or national of the United States”].

Technical Update - Clarifying Policies and Procedures for Replacing Permanent Resident Cards

This technical update clarifies that, in circumstances involving the replacement or reissuance of a Permanent Resident Card, an Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card (Form I-90) is always required as outlined in form instructions and regulations. This may differ from the general reissuance policy.

POLICY ALERT - Defining “Residence” in Statutory Provisions Related to Citizenship

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address requirements for “residence” in statutory provisions related to citizenship, and to rescind previous guidance regarding children of U.S. government employees and members of the U.S. armed forces employed or stationed outside the United States. This guidance becomes effective October 29, 2019.

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POLICY ALERT - Employment Authorization for Parolees

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating its existing policies on the exercise of discretion to address the use of discretion when assessing if certain foreign nationals who are paroled into the United States should be employment authorized.

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Technical Update - Civil Surgeon Designation and Revocation

This technical update changes language to state that USCIS officers “may” refer proposed civil surgeon designation revocations to the USCIS Office of the Chief Counsel for review. Previously, the language specified that USCIS counsel “must” review any proposed civil surgeon designation revocation.

Technical Update - Fraud and Willful Misrepresentation and Department of State’s 90-Day Rule

This technical update incorporates clarifications regarding the Department of State (DOS)'s "90-day rule." While this "rule" does not apply to USCIS because it is DOS policy, USCIS is clarifying that it may also find that an applicant made a willful misrepresentation due to a status violation or conduct in the United States that is inconsistent with the applicant's prior representations, especially where the violation or conduct occurred shortly after the consular interview or admission to the United States.

POLICY ALERT - USCIS Public Services

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding services USCIS provides to the public, including general administration of certain immigration benefits, online tools, and up-to-date information.

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Technical Update - Medical Certification for Disability Exceptions

This technical update incorporates minor clarifying editorial changes to the policy guidance regarding the Medical Certification for Disability Exceptions (Form N-648).

Technical Update - Communicating with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

This technical update removes references to sending documents to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) by mail or fax. CDC now prefers all requests for waiver consultations and any subsequent notifications from USCIS to be communicated by email.

POLICY ALERT - Controlled Substance-Related Activity and Good Moral Character Determinations

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify that violation of federal controlled substance law, including for marijuana, remains a conditional bar to establishing good moral character (GMC) for naturalization even where that conduct would not be an offense under state law.

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Technical Update - Implementation of Policy Guidance on Medical Certification for Disability Exceptions (Form N-648)

​This technical update incorporates into Volume 12 the policy guidance that U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) announced December 12, 2018 regarding the Medical Certification for Disability Exceptions (Form N-648). This guidance became effective February 12, 2019.

Technical Update - Visa Retrogression

​This technical update removes language that restricted USCIS officers’ ability to request a visa number from the Department of State in cases involving visa retrogression. As with all INA 245(a) adjustment cases, a visa must be available at the time of final adjudication.

Technical Update - Child Status Protection Act

This technical update clarifies that certain child beneficiaries of family-sponsored immigrant visa petitions who are ineligible for the Child Status Protection Act may continue their adjustment of status application if the petition is automatically converted to an eligible category.

POLICY ALERT - Policies and Procedures for Secure Identity Documents

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address the general policies and procedures related to secure documents.

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POLICY ALERT - Sufficiency of Medical Certification for Disability Exceptions (Form N-648)

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to update and clarify filing procedures and adjudications on the Medical Certification for Disability Exceptions (Form N-648). This guidance becomes effective February 12, 2019.

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POLICY ALERT - Immigrant Investors and Debt Arrangements

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is revising policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify its policy on debt arrangements.

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POLICY ALERT - Use of Form G-325A

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to remove references to Biographic Information (Form G-325A).

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POLICY ALERT - Validity of Report of Medical Examination and Vaccination Record (Form I-693)

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in Volume 8, Part B of the USCIS Policy Manual regarding the period of time during which a Form I-693 submitted in support of a related immigration benefits application is considered valid.

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POLICY ALERT - Marriage and Living in Marital Union Requirements for Naturalization

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify the marriage and living in marital union requirements under section 319(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).

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POLICY ALERT - Special Naturalization Provisions for Children

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance to amend the USCIS Policy Manual to clarify certain special naturalization provisions for children.

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Technical Update - Authorized Medical Professionals

This technical update provides clarification on the medical professionals (medical doctors, doctors of osteopathy, and clinical psychologists) authorized to complete a written evaluation of medical condition in connection with an oath waiver request.

POLICY ALERT - Geographic Area of a Regional Center

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding a regional center’s geographic area, requests to expand the geographic area, and how such requests impact the filing of Form I-526, Immigrant Petition by Alien Entrepreneur.

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Technical Update - Certificates of Citizenship for U.S. National Children

This technical update clarifies that a person who is born a U.S. national and is the child of a U.S. citizen may acquire citizenship and may obtain a Certificate of Citizenship without having to establish lawful permanent resident status.

Technical Update - Rescinding Tenant-Occupancy Methodology

This technical update clarifies that the rescission of the policy regarding the tenant-occupancy methodology does not affect petitions pending on May 15, 2018 (the date USCIS announced the rescission).

POLICY ALERT - Child Status Protection Act

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual regarding the Child Status Protection Act (CSPA).

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POLICY ALERT - Adjustment of Status Interview Guidelines and Waiver Criteria

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating guidance regarding adjustment of status interview guidelines and interview waivers.

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POLICY ALERT - Rescinding Tenant-Occupancy Methodology

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is revising policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to reflect that, as of May 15, 2018, USCIS no longer considers tenant occupancy to be a reasonable methodology to support economically or statistically valid forecasting tools.

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POLICY ALERT - Documentation of Conditional Resident Status for Investors with a Pending Form I-829

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance regarding the documentation of conditional permanent resident (CPR) status for employment-based fifth preference (EB-5) immigrants.

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POLICY ALERT - Acquisition of U.S. Citizenship for Children Born Out of Wedlock

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance to clarify certain requirements for U.S. citizenship for children born outside the United States and out of wedlock under INA 301 and 309. USCIS is making conforming edits to the USCIS nationality charts.

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Technical Update - Fraud and Willful Misrepresentation and Department of State’s 90-Day Rule

This technical update incorporates changes that the Department of State (DOS) made to its Foreign Affairs Manual (FAM) regarding its interpretation of the term “misrepresentation.”

Technical Update - Military Accessions Vital to National Interest

This technical update clarifies that foreign nationals may apply for military naturalization after the certification of honorable service has been properly processed by the U.S. armed forces.

Technical Update - Authority to Administer the Oath of Allegiance

This technical update clarifies that the Secretary of Homeland Security has, through the Director of USCIS, delegated the authority to administer the Oath during an administrative naturalization ceremony to certain USCIS officials who can successively re-delegate the authority within their chains of command.

POLICY ALERT - Waiver Policies and Procedures

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance to address the general policies and procedures applicable to the adjudication of waivers of inadmissibility.

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POLICY ALERT - Biometrics Requirements for Naturalization

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to specify that every naturalization applicant must provide biometrics regardless of age, unless the applicant qualifies for a fingerprint waiver due to certain medical conditions.

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POLICY ALERT - Administrative Naturalization Ceremonies

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance on USCIS administrative naturalization ceremonies, to include guidance regarding participation from other U.S. government and non-governmental entities.

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POLICY ALERT - Job Creation and Capital At Risk Requirements for Investors

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating the USCIS Policy Manual to provide further guidance regarding the job creation and capital at risk requirements for Form I-526, Immigrant Petition by Alien Entrepreneur, and Form I-829, Petition by Entrepreneur to Remove Conditions on Permanent Resident Status.

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Technical Update - Clarifying Intent to Reside in United States for Naturalization Purposes

This technical update clarifies that naturalization applicants are not required to intend to reside permanently in the United States after becoming U.S. citizens. This update is in accordance with current statutes; prior to 1994, a person who became a naturalized U.S. citizen was expected to hold the intention of residing permanently in the United States. See Section 104 of the Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act of 1994, Pub. L. 103-416 (October 25, 1994).

Technical Update - Medical Codes for Purposes of Medical Certification for Disability Exceptions

This technical update clarifies that, for purposes of Form N-648, Medical Certification for Disability Exceptions, USCIS accepts the relevant medical codes recognized by the Department of Health and Human Services. This includes codes found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases.

POLICY ALERT - Registration of Lawful Permanent Resident Status

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance addressing registration of lawful permanent resident (LPR) status.

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POLICY ALERT - False Claim to U.S. Citizenship Ground of Inadmissibility

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing guidance to address the false claim to U.S. citizenship ground of inadmissibility under section 212(a)(6)(C)(ii) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). 

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Technical Update - Clarifying Designated Periods of Hostilities for Naturalization under INA 329

This technical update clarifies that, for purposes of naturalization under INA 329, the current period designated by Presidential Executive Order 13269 (July 3, 2002), as a period in which the U.S. armed forces are considered to be engaged in armed conflict with a hostile foreign force, is still in effect. In addition, this update adds information about the USCIS Military Help Line in this part.

POLICY ALERT - Employment-Based Fifth Preference Immigrants: Investors

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance regarding the eligibility requirements for regional centers and immigrant investors.

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POLICY ALERT - Definition of Certain Classes of Medical Conditions and Other Updates Relating to Health-Related Grounds of Inadmissibility

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating guidance regarding health-related grounds of inadmissibility in accordance with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) rulemaking updating Title 42 of the Code of Federal Regulations, part 34 (42 CFR 34).

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POLICY ALERT - Special Immigrant Juvenile Classification and Special Immigrant-Based Adjustment of Status

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance regarding the special immigrant juvenile (SIJ) classification and special immigrant-based (EB-4) adjustment of status, including adjustment based on classification as a special immigrant religious worker, SIJ, and G-4 international organization or NATO-6 employee or family member, among others.

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POLICY ALERT - Determining Extreme Hardship

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance on determinations of extreme hardship to qualifying relatives as required by certain statutory waiver provisions. This guidance becomes effective December 5, 2016.

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Technical Update - Military Accessions Vital to National Interest Program and Time of Filing for Naturalization

This technical update clarifies that, in general, Department of Defense (DOD) Military Accessions Vital to National Interest (MAVNI) enlistees may file an application for naturalization during basic training in the U.S. armed forces.

POLICY ALERT - Department of Defense Military Accessions Vital to National Interest Program

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance to provide information about the existing Department of Defense (DOD) Military Accessions Vital to National Interest (MAVNI) Program.

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POLICY ALERT - Effective Date of Lawful Permanent Residence for Purposes of Citizenship and Naturalization

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance regarding the date of legal permanent residence (LPR) for naturalization and citizenship purposes. 

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POLICY ALERT - Removing Obsolete Form I-643 from Filing Requirements for Certain Adjustment Applications

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is updating policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to remove obsolete Form I-643, Health and Human Services Statistical Data for Refugee/Asylee Adjusting Status, from the filing requirements for applications for adjustment of status under section 209 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).

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POLICY ALERT - Adjustment of Status Policies and Procedures and 245(a) Adjustment

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance addressing the general policies and procedures of adjustment of status as well as adjustment under section 245(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA).

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POLICY ALERT - Media Representatives (I) Nonimmigrant Visa Classification

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance regarding the foreign information media representative nonimmigrant visa classification, commonly known as the “I” visa category.

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POLICY ALERT - Modifications to Oath of Allegiance for Naturalization

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance to clarify the eligibility requirements for modifications to the Oath of Renunciation and Allegiance for naturalization.

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Technical Update - Child Citizenship Act and Children of U.S. Government Employees Residing Abroad

This technical update clarifies that the child of a U.S. government employee temporarily stationed abroad is considered to be residing in the United States for purposes of acquisition of citizenship under INA 320.

Technical Update - Multiple Absences and Residence and Physical Presence

This technical update clarifies that along with reviewing for absences of more than 6 months, officers review whether an applicant for naturalization with multiple absences of less than 6 months is able establish the required residence and physical presence for naturalization.

POLICY ALERT - Effect of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) on Immigration and Acquisition of Citizenship Under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA)

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance relating to the use of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART).

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Technical Update - Religious Missionaries Abroad and Residence and Physical Presence

This technical update clarifies who may be considered to be a missionary of a religious group for purposes of preserving residence and physical presence for naturalization while working abroad.

Technical Update - Treating Certain Peace Corps Contractors as U.S. Government Employees

This technical update clarifies that Peace Corps personal service contractors are considered U.S. Government employees under certain circumstances for purposes of preserving their residence for naturalization while working abroad.

POLICY ALERT - Nonimmigrant Trainees (H-3)

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance on the trainees (H-3) nonimmigrant visa category.  

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POLICY ALERT - Customer Service

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance on its standards in customer service.

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Technical Update - Validity of Same-Sex Marriages

This technical update addresses the Supreme Court ruling holding that Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) is unconstitutional.

POLICY ALERT - Changes to Dates of Birth and Names on Certificates of Citizenship

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance relating to changes of dates of birth and names per court orders.

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POLICY ALERT - Validity Period of the Medical Certification on the Report of Medical Examination and Vaccination Record (Form I-693)

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing an update to policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual addressing the validity period of civil surgeon endorsements on the Report of Medical Examination and Vaccination Record, Form I-693.

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Technical Update - Civil Surgeon Applications and Evidentiary Requirements

This technical update clarifies that an applicant for civil surgeon designation must, at a minimum, submit a copy of the medical degree to show he or she is a Medical Doctor or Doctor of Osteopathy.

POLICY ALERT - Fraud and Willful Misrepresentation Grounds of Inadmissibility

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing guidance on the fraud and willful misrepresentation grounds of inadmissibility under INA 212(a)(6)(C)(i) and the corresponding waiver under INA 212(i).

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Technical Update - Vaccination Requirements for Pregnant or Immuno-Compromised Applicants

This technical update replaces the list of vaccines contraindicated for pregnant or immuno-compromised applicants with a reference to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s Vaccination Technical Instructions. This ensures the Policy Manual guidance includes the most up-to-date information.

POLICY ALERT - Refugee and Asylee-Based Adjustment of Status under Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) Section 209

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address adjustment of status applications filed by refugees and asylees under INA sections 209(a) and 209(b).

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POLICY ALERT - Health-Related Grounds of Inadmissibility and Waivers

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual on the health-related grounds of inadmissibility under INA 212(a)(1) and corresponding waivers under INA 212(g).

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POLICY ALERT - Civil Surgeon Designation and Centralization of the Designation Process at the National Benefits Center

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to centralize the civil surgeon designation process at the National Benefits Center, effective March 11, 2014.

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Technical Update - Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands

This technical update adds the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands to list of certain territories of the United States where, subject to certain requirements, persons may be U.S. citizens at birth.

Technical Update - Certified Court Dispositions

This technical update adds language addressing existing policy on circumstances where an applicant is required to provide a certified court disposition.

POLICY ALERT - Security-Related Positions Abroad

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) is issuing policy guidance in the USCIS Policy Manual to address amendments to section 1059(e) of the National Defense Authorization Act of 2006 by Public Law 112-227.

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POLICY ALERT - Comprehensive Citizenship and Naturalization Policy Guidance

USCIS is issuing updated and comprehensive citizenship and naturalization policy guidance in the new USCIS Policy Manual.

Read More

Table of Contents

  • Part G - Notice to Appear
  • Part C - Visitors for Business or Tourism (B)
  • Part I - Temporary Agricultural and Nonagricultural Workers (H-2)
    • Chapter 1 - Purpose and Background
    • Chapter 2 - Eligibility for Temporary Agricultural Worker (H-2A) Classification [Reserved]
    • Chapter 3 - Documentation and Evidence for Temporary Agricultural Worker (H-2A) Classification [Reserved]
    • Chapter 4 - Adjudication of Temporary Agricultural Worker (H-2A) Petitions [Reserved]
    • Chapter 5 - Post-Adjudication Issues related to Temporary Agricultural Worker (H-2A) Petitions [Reserved]
    • Chapter 6 - Temporary Agricultural Worker (H-2A) Petitions Requiring Special Handling [Reserved]
    • Chapter 7 - Eligibility for Temporary Nonagricultural Worker (H-2B) Classification [Reserved]
    • Chapter 8 - Documentation and Evidence for Temporary Nonagricultural Worker (H-2B) Classification [Reserved]
    • Chapter 9 - Adjudication of Temporary Nonagricultural Worker (H-2B) Petitions [Reserved]
    • Chapter 10 - Post-Adjudication Issues related to Temporary Nonagricultural Worker (H-2B) Petitions [Reserved]
    • Chapter 11 - Temporary Nonagricultural Worker (H-2B) Petitions Requiring Special Handling
  • Part A - Protection and Parole Policies and Procedures
  • Part K - Statelessness
  • Part H - Reserved
  • Part R - Abandonment of Lawful Permanent Residence
  • Part A - Admissibility Policies and Procedures
  • Part D - Criminal and Related Grounds of Inadmissibility
  • Part E - Terrorism
  • Part H - Labor Certification and Select Immigrant Qualifications
  • Part L - Documentation Requirements
  • Part M - Citizenship Ineligibility
  • Part N - Noncitizens Previously Removed
  • Part Q - Practicing Polygamists, International Child Abductors, Unlawful Voters, and Tax Evaders
  • Part C - Family Unity, Humanitarian Purposes, or Public or National Interest
  • Part E - Criminal and Related Grounds of Inadmissibility
  • Part G - Unlawful Presence
  • Part H - Provisional Unlawful Presence
  • Part I - Immigrant Membership in Totalitarian Party
  • Part J - Alien Smuggling
  • Part K - Noncitizens Subject to Civil Penalty
  • Part L - Refugees and Asylees
  • Part M - Temporary Protected Status Applicants
  • Part N - Special Immigrant Juvenile Adjustment Applicants
  • Part P - Crime Victims
  • Part Q - Violence Against Women Act Applicants
  • Part R - Other Waivers and Provisions Overcoming Inadmissibility

Volume 1 - General Policies and Procedures

Part A - Public Services

In May 2020, USCIS retired its Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM), a collection of our immigration policies and procedures.

In May 2020, USCIS retired its Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM), a collection of our immigration policies and procedures. We are working quickly to update and incorporate all of the AFM content into the USCIS Policy Manual, the agency’s centralized online repository for immigration policies. Until then, we have moved any remaining AFM content to its corresponding Policy Manual Part. To the extent that a provision in the Policy Manual conflicts with remaining AFM content or Policy Memoranda, the updated information in the Policy Manual prevails. If you have questions or concerns about any discrepancies among these resources, contact PolicyFeedback@uscis.dhs.gov.

AFM Chapter 10 - An Overview of the Adjudication Process (External) (PDF, 2.55 MB)

Chapter 1 - Purpose and Background

A. Purpose

USCIS is the government agency that administers lawful immigration to the United States. USCIS has nearly 20,000 government employees and contractors working at more than 200 offices around the world. USCIS ensures its employees have the knowledge and tools needed to administer the lawful immigration system with professionalism. USCIS provides accessible, reliable, and accurate guidance and information about its public services.

This part provides guidance on USCIS public services, privacy, online tools, and other general administration topics.

B. Background

On March 1, 2003, USCIS assumed responsibility for the immigration service functions of the federal government. The Homeland Security Act of 2002 dismantled the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) and separated the agency into three components within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).[1]

The Homeland Security Act created USCIS to enhance the security and efficiency of national immigration services by focusing exclusively on the administration of benefit applications. The law also formed Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to oversee immigration enforcement and border security.

USCIS benefits from a legacy of more than 100 years of federal immigration and naturalization administration.[2] The Agency History page on USCIS’ website provides information about the agency’s history, presents research from the History Office’s historians, and makes selected historical documents available electronically.

C. Mission Statement

USCIS upholds America’s promise as a nation of welcome and possibility with fairness, integrity, and respect for all we serve.[3]

D. Legal Authorities

  • Homeland Security Act of 2002, Pub. L. 107–296 (PDF)[4] – Dismantled the INS and created USCIS to enhance the security and efficiency of national immigration services by focusing exclusively on the administration of benefit applications

  • Privacy Act of 1974, 5 U.S.C. 552a (PDF), as amended[5] – Establishes a code of fair information practices that governs the collection, maintenance, use, and dissemination of information about persons that is maintained in systems of records by federal agencies

  • Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Pub. L. 93-112 (PDF)[6] – Ensuring persons with a disability are not excluded from participation in or subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance or under any program or activity conducted by any federal agency

Footnotes


[^ 1] See Homeland Security Act of 2002, Pub. L. 107–296 (PDF), 116 Stat. 2135 (November 25, 2002).

[^ 2] See the Organizational Timeline page on USCIS’ website.

[^ 3] See the About Us page on USCIS’ website.

[^ 4] See Pub. L. 107–296 (PDF), 116 Stat. 2135 (November 25, 2002).

[^ 5] See Pub. L. 93-579 (PDF), 88 Stat. 1896 (December 31, 1974).

[^ 6] See Section 504 of Pub. L. 93-112 (PDF), 87 Stat. 355, 394 (September 26, 1973).

Chapter 2 - Web-Based Information

A. Website

The USCIS website (uscis.gov) provides the public with access to current information about USCIS’ work, as well as current news releases, alerts, and other updates.

The USCIS website provides the following:

  • Timely and accurate information on immigration and citizenship services and benefits offered by USCIS;

  • Easy access to forms, form instructions, agency guidance, and other information required to successfully submit applications and petitions;

  • The latest news and policy updates, including progress in support of Executive Orders;

  • Information on outreach events and efforts; and

  • Information on ways to contact USCIS.[1]

USCIS designed the website to accommodate easy navigation to highly trafficked pages directly from the home page, as well as a logical structure and search capability for easy access to all other pages.

In addition to uscis.gov, USCIS also hosts the following sub-sites:

  • myUSCIS – Allows stakeholders to explore immigration options, create an online USCIS account, locate a physician to complete medical exams, practice the civics test, and complete other tasks online

  • Citizenship Resource Center – Hosts information and resources designed to assist prospective citizens

  • USCIS Policy Manual – The agency’s centralized online repository for USCIS’ immigration policies[2]

  • InfoPass – System used by USCIS Contact Center for scheduling in-person services at domestic field offices on behalf of benefit requestors and other interested parties.

USCIS makes every effort to provide complete and accurate information on its website. USCIS does its best to update information and correct errors brought to its attention as soon as possible. Both the English language and Spanish language pages are updated at the same time, as appropriate.

B. Social Media

Social media is an informal means of communication that also connects benefit requestors and other interested parties with core information and services on the USCIS website. In this way, social media complements the USCIS website and increases USCIS’ ability to communicate with the public.

USCIS’ social media presence includes:

  • Twitter (Main and for E-Verify) – for concise information and news, usually accompanied by links back to uscis.gov

  • Facebook – for information and news, usually accompanied by links back to uscis.gov

  • YouTube – for videos

  • Instagram – for photos and informational graphics

The USCIS Office of Public Affairs (OPA) manages all USCIS social media accounts, working with various USCIS leadership and other offices to develop content. USCIS’ posts are visible to anyone with internet access.

USCIS generally uses social media to make information and services widely available to the general public, to promote transparency and accountability, and to help those seeking information or services from USCIS. USCIS posts information only after it has been appropriately approved and vetted by OPA. Only USCIS employees acting in their official capacity are authorized to post to USCIS social media sites.

Comments on USCIS’ social media channels are visible to the public. To protect their privacy, commenters should not include full names, phone numbers, email addresses, Social Security numbers, case numbers, or any other private information in comments.

USCIS does not moderate user comments on its channels before posting, but reserves the right to remove any materials that pose a security risk or otherwise violate the USCIS social media policy. Any opinions expressed in comments, except as specifically noted, are those of the individual commenters and do not reflect any agency policy, endorsement, or action. USCIS does not collect or retain comments in its records.

Use of each social media site is governed by that site’s privacy policy.[3]

Footnotes


[^ 1] See the Contact Us page on USCIS’ website.

[^ 2] The USCIS Policy Manual will ultimately replace the Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM), the USCIS Immigration Policy Memoranda site, and other policy repositories.

[^ 3] See the USCIS website for information on Social Media Policy.

Chapter 3 - Forms of Assistance

A. In-Person

1. Local Field Office

Persons with case-specific inquiries who have tried using the online tools and have not been able to attain the information they are looking for may call the USCIS Contact Center at 1-800-375-5283 (TTY: 1-800-767-1833). In-person appointments at Field Offices are reserved for critical services that require a person’s physical presence in the office to resolve the issue.

2. Community Outreach

USCIS engages in community outreach programs to educate and increase public awareness, increase dialogue and visibility, and solicit feedback on USCIS operations. During outreach events in local communities, USCIS employees do not respond to case-specific inquiries. Anyone asking case-specific questions at outreach events should be directed to submit their inquiry through appropriate channels.

The topics of community outreach programs are varied. Information on past and future outreach events can be found on the USCIS website. The website provides a list of future engagements and instructions on how to register to attend. Many events also have call-in numbers for those unable to attend in person. The website also contains notes and supporting documents from previous engagements.

B. Online

1. USCIS Online Account

USCIS online accounts allow applicants, petitioners, and representatives to access personalized, real-time information related to their individual case 24 hours a day through any internet-connected device. Persons can also communicate directly with the USCIS Contact Center through the secure messaging function to receive email responses to their case-specific inquiries. This is the easiest and most comprehensive way to communicate with USCIS regarding case-specific issues.

2. Online Messages

Benefit requestors can send messages and inquiries directly to the USCIS Contact Center, without an online account, and receive an email or phone response within 24 to 48 hours. Since these messages are outside of USCIS’ secure online account experience, Contact Center staff are limited from sharing case-specific information to ensure the privacy of benefit requestors. The USCIS online account is the preferred method of contacting the agency for easy, timely, and effective responses to case-specific inquiries.

3. Emma and Live Web Chat

Emma is the USCIS Virtual Assistant. Emma can provide immediate responses to non-case-specific questions about immigration services and benefits, guide users through our comprehensive website, and connect benefit requestors and other interested parties to a live agent through web chat for more in-depth topics and questions.

4. Email

USCIS offices may provide designated email boxes for case-specific inquiries about a pending or adjudicated petition or application. Before submitting an inquiry, the person inquiring should review all available information listed on the USCIS Contact US web page to ensure that the inquiry is properly routed. 

USCIS officers should use caution when responding to email inquiries requesting case-specific information, as issues of privacy and identity may arise.[1]

C. Telephone

1. USCIS Contact Center

For the convenience of benefit requestors and other interested parties located within the United States, USCIS provides a toll-free phone number answered by the USCIS Contact Center available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Automated information accessed through a menu of interactive options is always available. For information on when live help through a USCIS representative is available, see the USCIS Contact Center web page.

The toll-free phone number for the USCIS Contact Center is 1-800-375-5283 (TTY for the deaf, hard of hearing, or person with a speech disability: 1-800-767-1833).

Multi-Tiered Structure

The USCIS Contact Center provides escalating levels of service to handle inquiries of increasing complexity, primarily through an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system and a multi-tiered level of live assistance.

IVR – Callers initially have the opportunity to have their questions answered directly by the IVR system. If additional assistance is needed, callers may request live assistance by selecting that option from within the IVR.

Tier 1 – Tier 1 is the first level of live assistance. Tier 1 staff members, who are contract employees, provide basic case-specific and general non-case-specific information. These responses follow a formatted script.

Tier 2 – If Tier 1 is unable to completely resolve an inquiry, the call may be transferred to the Tier 2 level of live assistance to be answered by a USCIS officer.

Callers may, at any time, request to have a call directed to a supervisor.

If an inquiry involves a case physically located at a domestic USCIS field office or service center, the USCIS Contact Center may create a service request. The service request is automatically routed to the USCIS office that can best resolve the inquiry. If an inquiry involves a case physically located at an international USCIS field office, the USCIS Contact Center may provide the caller with that office’s contact information and refer the inquiry, as appropriate.

2. International Service

Persons located outside of the United States should contact the international office with jurisdiction over their place of residence. USCIS provides a complete listing of international jurisdictions and field offices and their phone numbers on the International Immigration Offices page of the USCIS website.

3. Military Help Line

USCIS provides a toll-free military help line exclusively for members of the military and their families. For information on when USCIS military help line staff are available to answer calls, see the Military Help Line web page. After-hours callers will receive an email address they can use to contact USCIS for assistance.

The toll-free phone number for the military help line is 1-877-CIS-4MIL (1-877-247-4645) (TTY: for the deaf, hard of hearing, or person with a speech disability: 1-800-767-1833).

4. Premium Processing Line

USCIS provides a toll-free phone number exclusively for inquiries about petitions filed under the Premium Processing program.[2] The toll-free phone number for the Premium Processing Line is 1-866-315-5718.

5. Intercountry Adoptions Line

USCIS provides a toll-free phone number exclusively for inquiries about domestically filed applications and petitions under the Orphan and Hague intercountry adoption programs.[3] The toll-free phone number for the Intercountry Adoptions Line is 1-877-424-8374.

D. Traditional Mail or Facsimile

1. Traditional Mail

General mailing addresses are publicly available to allow the submission of applications and petitions, responses to requests for evidence, or service requests in a hard copy format.[4] Dedicated mailing addresses are available, as appropriate, to aid specific USCIS processes.

Mailing addresses are available at the Find a USCIS Office page on the USCIS website.

2. Facsimile (Fax)

USCIS does not provide general delivery facsimile (fax) numbers. While USCIS does not publish dedicated fax numbers, USCIS offices have the discretion to provide a fax number when appropriate. For example, an officer may provide a fax number for the purpose of submitting documentation electronically to aid in the efficient resolution of a case or as a method to expedite delivery of requested documents or information. Documents should not be submitted by fax unless specifically requested by a USCIS employee.

Footnotes


[^ 1] See Chapter 7, Privacy and Confidentiality [1 USCIS-PM A.7].

[^ 2] See the USCIS website for more information on Premium Processing Service. See Request for Premium Processing Service (Form I-907).

[^ 3] See the USCIS website for additional adoption-related contact information and more details about Orphan or Hague Process.

[^ 4] A service request is a tool that allows stakeholders to place an inquiry with USCIS for certain applications, petitions, and services. Service requests may also be submitted through the USCIS Contact Center or online. See Chapter 4, Service Request Management Tool [1 USCIS-PM A.4].

Chapter 4 - Service Request Management Tool

A. Generating Service Requests

1. USCIS-Generated

The Service Request Management Tool (SRMT) provides USCIS staff the ability to record and transfer unresolved service requests by benefit requestors and other interested parties to the appropriate USCIS service center, domestic USCIS field office, or USCIS asylum office where the application or petition is pending a decision or was adjudicated.

If an inquiry received through a call to the USCIS Contact Center cannot be resolved during the call, and the inquiry warrants creation of a service request, USCIS Contact Center staff will create a service request. Although the majority of service requests are created by staff at the USCIS Contact Center, officers in other locations may also create service requests. Using the SRMT to create a service request allows the person inquiring to receive a response without having to call the USCIS Contact Center again or return to a USCIS office in most instances.

2. Self-Generated

By using an online portal, a person may create a service request in the following categories:

  • Change of address (COA) request (unless filing as a Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), T nonimmigrant, or U nonimmigrant applicant or petitioner);[1]

  • Request regarding a notice, card, or other document that was not received;

  • Request regarding a case outside normal processing time;

  • Request for accommodations;[2] or

  • Request for correction of a typographic error.

Benefit requestors may also submit a service request by mailing in a hard copy to a domestic USCIS field office.[3]

B. Responding to Service Requests

1. Timely Response

The USCIS office receiving a service request should take the necessary steps to communicate directly with the benefit requestor about the inquiry or timely relocate the inquiry to another office or organization when appropriate.

USCIS categorizes a service request based upon the urgency and request type, and assigns a target completion date based on the category. USCIS completes requests within each category on a first-in, first-out basis. In general, the goal for resolution of service requests is 15 calendar days from the date of creation.

2. Prioritized Requests

The following requests receive processing priority and should be responded to within 7 calendar days from the date of creation:

Change of Address

USCIS must process change of address (COA) requests at the earliest opportunity to reduce the potential for undeliverable mail and associated concerns. The address recorded on all open associated application or petition receipts must be updated unless instructed otherwise by the person. Address changes are only limited to select identified receipts when the person explicitly requests the COA request be restricted.

When the address listed for the applicant in any request is different from the address listed in USCIS information systems, it is considered to be an address change request, regardless of whether the request was specifically for a COA or for another reason. The address in the request is then used to change address records on all directly related receipts.

However, no COA request is inferred if the service request was initiated by a representative and the address listed in the request is the representative’s address. Also, in these situations, a copy of the response should be mailed to the petitioner or applicant at his or her address of record.

USCIS does not accept COA requests on a VAWA, T nonimmigrant, or U nonimmigrant-related application or petition that are received through an SRMT. A hard-copy, signed COA request submitted through traditional mail is required. Offices should respond to VAWA, T nonimmigrant, and U nonimmigrant COA requests using the standard language.[4]

Expedite Requests[5]

Expedite service requests are self-identified as urgent. The person requesting expedited service may be required to submit evidence to the office processing their case to support the expedite request.

Reasonable Accommodation[6]

Reasonable accommodation service requests must be responded to in accordance with the disability accommodations policy.

Military Referral

Military referrals have implied urgency based upon the uncertainty of reassignments and deployments.

Footnotes


[^ 1] For information on COA in VAWA, T, U, see Chapter 7, Privacy and Confidentiality, Section E, VAWA, T, and U Cases [1 USCIS-PM A.7(E)].

[^ 2] See Chapter 6, Disability Accommodation Requests [1 USCIS-PM A.6].

[^ 3] See Chapter 3, Forms of Assistance, Section D, Traditional Mail or Facsimile [1 USCIS-PM A.3(D)].

[^ 4] See Section E, VAWA, T, and U Cases, Subsection 3, USCIS Assistance [1 USCIS-PM A.7(E)(3)].

[^ 5] Expedite requests are distinct from premium processing. For information on expedite requests and premium processing, see Chapter 5, Requests to Expedite Applications or Petitions [1 USCIS-PM A.5].

[^ 6] See Chapter 6, Disability Accommodation Requests [1 USCIS-PM A.6].

Chapter 5 - Requests to Expedite Applications or Petitions

Immigration benefit requestors may request that USCIS expedite the adjudication of their applications or petitions. USCIS considers all expedite requests on a case-by-case basis and may require additional documentation to support such requests. The decision to accommodate an expedite request is within the sole discretion of USCIS.[1] Because granting an expedite request means that USCIS would adjudicate the requestor's benefit ahead of others who filed earlier, USCIS carefully weighs the urgency and merit of each expedite request.

Expedite Criteria or Circumstances

On or after June 9, 2021,[2] USCIS may expedite a benefit request if it falls under one or more of the following criteria or circumstance:

  • Severe financial loss to a company or person, provided that the need for urgent action is not the result of the petitioner’s or applicant’s failure: (1) to timely file the benefit request; or (2) to timely respond to any requests for additional evidence;[3]

  • Emergencies and urgent humanitarian reasons;

  • Nonprofit organization (as designated by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS)) whose request is in furtherance of the cultural or social interests of the United States;

  • U.S. government interests (including cases identified as urgent by federal agencies such as the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), U.S. Department of Labor (DOL), National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), the U.S. Department of State (DOS), DHS, or other public safety or national security interests); or

  • Clear USCIS error.

Severe Financial Loss as a Basis for Expedited Treatment

A company can demonstrate that it would suffer a severe financial loss if it is at risk of failing, losing a critical contract, or required to lay off other employees. For example, a medical office may suffer severe financial loss if a gap in a doctor’s employment authorization would require the medical practice to lay off its medical assistants.

Job loss may be sufficient to establish severe financial loss for a person, depending on the individual circumstances. For example, the inability to travel for work that would result in job loss might warrant expedited treatment. The need to obtain employment authorization, standing alone, without evidence of other compelling factors, does not warrant expedited treatment.

In addition, severe financial loss may also be established where failure to expedite would result in a loss of critical public benefits or services.

Expedited Treatment Based on Emergency or Urgent Humanitarian Reason

In the context of an expedite request, humanitarian reasons are those related to human welfare. Examples may include, but are not limited to, illness, disability, extreme living conditions, death in the family, or a critical need to travel to obtain medical treatment in a limited amount of time.

An emergency may include an urgent need to expedite employment authorization for healthcare workers during a national emergency such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, an expedite request may be considered under this criterion in instances where a vulnerable person’s safety may be compromised due to a breach of confidentiality if there is a delay in processing the benefit application.[4] A benefit requestor’s desire to travel for vacation does not, in general, meet the definition of an emergency.

Nonprofit Organization Seeking Expedited Treatment

A nonprofit organization seeking to expedite a beneficiary’s benefit request must demonstrate an urgent need to expedite the case based on the beneficiary’s specific role within the nonprofit in furthering cultural or social interests (as opposed to the organization’s role in furthering social or cultural interests). Examples may include a medical professional urgently needed for medical research related to a specific “social” U.S. interest (such as the COVID-19 pandemic or other socially impactful research or project) or a university professor urgently needed to participate in a specific and imminent cultural program. Another example is a religious organization that urgently needs a beneficiary’s specific services and skill set to continue a vital social outreach program. In such instances, the religious organization must articulate why the respective beneficiary is specifically needed, as opposed to pointing to a general shortage alone.

Expedited Treatment Based on U.S. Government Interests

U.S. government interests may include, but are not limited to, cases identified as urgent by other government agencies, including labor and employment agencies, and public safety or national security interests.

For expedite requests made by a federal agency, involving other public safety or national security interests, the national interest need must be immediate and substantive. If the need for the action is not immediate, expedited processing is not warranted. A substantive need does not mean that a delay would pose existential or irreversible consequences to the national interests but rather that the case at hand is of a scale or a uniqueness that requires immediate action to prevent real and serious harm to U.S. interests.

Expedite requests from DOL, NLRB, DOJ, EEOC, DOS, DHS, or another government agency (federal, state, or local) must be made by a senior-level official of that agency. If the request relates to employment authorization, the request must demonstrate that the need for a person to be employment-authorized is mission-critical and goes beyond a general need to retain a particular worker or person. Examples include, but are not limited to, a noncitizen victim or witness cooperating with a federal, state, or local agency who is in need of employment authorization because the respective agency is seeking back pay or reinstatement in court proceedings.

How USCIS Assesses Requests for Expedited Treatment

Not every circumstance that fits under one of the above listed categories or examples necessarily results in expedited processing.

USCIS generally does not consider expedite requests for petitions and applications where Premium Processing Service is available. However, a petitioner that is designated as a nonprofit organization by the IRS seeking a beneficiary whose services are needed in furtherance of the cultural or social interests of the United States may request that the benefit it seeks be expedited without a fee, even if premium processing is available for that benefit. USCIS retains discretion to not accommodate that request. The same petitioner may also request premium processing for the benefit like any other petitioner if it chooses to do so.

Expedited processing of benefit requests for noncitizens with final orders of removal or noncitizens in removal proceedings is coordinated between USCIS and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).[5]

To increase efficiency in the review and processing of expedite requests, USCIS does not provide justification or otherwise respond regarding decisions on expedite requests.

In addition, some circumstances may prolong or inhibit USCIS’ ability to expedite certain benefit requests. For example, where an application or petition requires an on-site inspection, USCIS can only expedite that application or petition once the on-site inspection is complete.[6] Another example of a circumstance that delays USCIS’ ability to expedite a benefit request is where the benefit is ancillary to a primary application or petition that is still pending. In such cases, requesting to expedite the primary application or petition (such as an Application to Extend/Change Nonimmigrant Status (Form I-539) or Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker (Form I-129)) instead of requesting to expedite the ancillary application (such as an Application for Employment Authorization (Form I-765)) would better facilitate USCIS’ ability to process the ancillary application faster.

USCIS provides more information on how to make an expedite request on the How to Make an Expedite Request webpage.

Footnotes


[^ 1] For more information on expedite requests for adjudications of asylum applications, see the Affirmative Asylum Procedures Manual (PDF, 1.83 MB), Section III.B. Categories of Cases, Part 7, Expeditious Processing Required, and the Affirmative Asylum Interview Scheduling webpage. Expedite requests for refugee cases should be made to the applicable U.S. Department of State Resettlement Support Center, which facilitates informing the appropriate party of the expedite request.

[^ 2] On June 9, 2021, USCIS updated its policy to, among other things, clarify criteria and circumstances under which USCIS generally considers expedite requests; the update became effective upon publication. See USCIS Expedite Criteria and Circumstances (PDF, 293.62 KB), PA-2021-12, issued June 9, 2021.

[^ 3] For more information on timely filed requests, see Part B, Submission of Benefit Requests, Chapter 6, Submitting Requests [1 USCIS-PM B.6]. For more information about failure to timely respond to Requests for Evidence and Notices of Intent to Deny, see Part E, Adjudications, Chapter 6, Evidence, Section F, Requests for Evidence and Notices of Intent to Deny [1 USCIS-PM E.6(F)].

[^ 4] See 8 U.S.C. 1367.

[^ 5] See Part E, Adjudications, Chapter 3, Jurisdiction, Section A, Coordination in Cases Involving Removal Proceedings [1 USCIS-PM E.3(A)].

[^ 6] USCIS cannot expedite certain aspects of its processing, including on-site inspections.

Chapter 6 - Disability Accommodation Requests

A. Background

USCIS accepts requests for accommodations from benefit requestors, other interested parties, and other persons with disabilities who use USCIS services and access USCIS facilities. Accommodation requests may be made in advance for instances that include, but are not limited to:

  • An interview with an officer;

  • An oath ceremony; or

  • A USCIS-sponsored public event.

Accommodations ensure compliance with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973,[1] which states that “[n]o otherwise qualified individual with a disability in the United States . . . shall, solely by reason of her or his disability, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance or under any program or activity conducted by any Executive agency.”[2]

B. Reasonable Accommodation

The essential feature of an accommodation is that it allows the person with a disability to participate in the process or activity. While USCIS is not required to make major modifications that would result in a fundamental change to the processes or cause an undue burden for the agency, USCIS makes every effort to provide accommodations to persons with disabilities. Reasonable accommodations vary, depending on the situation and the person’s disability.

Benefit requestors must satisfy all of the legal requirements to receive an immigration benefit; however, USCIS must provide reasonable accommodations to persons with disabilities to afford them the opportunity to meet those requirements.

Examples of accommodations include, but are not limited to:

  • Those unable to use their hands may be permitted to take a test orally rather than in writing;

  • Those who are deaf or hard of hearing may be provided with a sign language interpreter for a USCIS-sponsored event;[3]

  • Those unable to speak may be allowed to respond to questions in an agreed-upon nonverbal manner;[4]

  • Those unable to travel to a designated USCIS location for an interview due to a disabling condition may be interviewed at their home or a medical facility.

C. Requesting Accommodation

1. How to Make a Disability Accommodation Request

To request disability accommodation for any phase of the application process, benefit requestors, other interested parties, and other persons with disabilities who use USCIS services and access USCIS facilities, should generally submit the request online using the Disability Accommodations for Appointments tool.[5] Requestors should submit accommodation requests to USCIS as soon as they are aware of the need for an accommodation for a particular event. The more advance notice USCIS has, the more likely it will be able to make appropriate arrangements for the accommodation request.[6]

2. USCIS Points-of-Contact

To ensure accountability, each field office, application support center (ASC), or asylum office must designate at least one employee to be responsible for handling accommodation requests. All employees should be aware of the procedures for handling such requests.

If a requestor contacts the field office, ASC, or asylum office directly to request a disability accommodation for an interview, the office may enter a service request into the Service Request Management Tool (SRMT) to work with the requestor to respond to the request, and mark the request as fulfilled when it is complete so that the request and the response are recorded.

Offices are encouraged to provide reasonable accommodation requests made by walk-ins whenever practical. If the accommodation is not available, the office should inform the requestor that the office is not able to provide the accommodation at that time, but that arrangements can be made to provide the accommodation for a future appointment or event.

3. USCIS Review

USCIS evaluates each request for a reasonable accommodation on a case-by-case basis.  The Public Disability Access Coordinator must generally concur on any alternative accommodation offered or any accommodation denial before the office communicates either action to the requestor.

While a requestor is not required to include documentation of a medical condition in support of a reasonable accommodation request, an office may need documentation to evaluate the request in rare cases. In these situations, the office must consult the Public Disability Access Coordinator for guidance before the USCIS office requests medical documentation to support an accommodation request.

4. Review Timeframe

In general, the affected USCIS office determines whether it may reasonably comply with the accommodation request within 7 calendar days of receiving the request, unless unusual circumstances exist.

If an accommodation is warranted, it should be provided on the date and time of the scheduled event; rescheduling should be avoided, if possible. If an accommodation cannot be provided for the originally scheduled event, the requestor should be notified as soon as possible. Any rescheduling should occur within a reasonable period of time.

5. Reconsideration of Denied Request

To request a reconsideration of a denial of a disability accommodation request, the requestor should call the USCIS Contact Center and provide any new information they have in support of their request. Upon receiving the request, the relevant office must review the prior request and any additional information provided. The office should contact the requestor if additional information is needed.

Generally, all affirmed denials must be approved by the Public Disability Access Coordinator, the field office director, ASC manager, or asylum office director, whichever applies.

Footnotes


[^ 1] See Pub. L. 93-112 (PDF) (September 26, 1973).

[^ 2] See Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Pub. L. 93-112 (PDF), 87 Stat. 355, 394 (September 26, 1973), codified at 29 U.S.C. 794(a). See 6 CFR 15.3 for applicable definitions relating to enforcement of nondiscrimination on the basis of disability in Department of Homeland Security (DHS) federal programs or activities, which includes those conducted by USCIS.

[^ 3] This applies to any member of the public who wants to attend the event, such as a naturalization ceremony or an outreach engagement.

[^ 4] Offices should understand that, while the inability to speak is considered a disability under the Rehabilitation Act, the inability to speak the English language (while being able to speak a foreign language) is not considered a disability under the Act. Therefore, no accommodation is required and one should not be provided if a requestor is unable to speak English. No request for an interpreter should be approved unless the requestor is otherwise eligible. See, for example, 8 CFR 312.4.

[^ 5] For additional instructions on how to submit a disability accommodation request, see the Disability Accommodations for the Public webpage. Applicants who cannot submit their request online should call the USCIS Contact Center at 1-800-375-5283 (TTY: 1-800-767-1833).

[^ 6] For more information on service requests, see Chapter 4, Service Request Management Tool [1 USCIS-PM A.4]. For information on handling disability accommodations related to asylum cases, see Chapter 7, Privacy and Confidentiality, Section F, Asylees and Refugees, Subsection 3, USCIS Assistance [1 USCIS-PM A.7(F)(3)].

Chapter 7 - Privacy and Confidentiality

A. Privacy Act of 1974

The Privacy Act provides that federal agencies must protect against the unauthorized disclosure of personally identifiable information (PII) that it collects, disseminates, uses, or maintains.[1] The Privacy Act requires that personal information belonging to U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents (LPRs) be protected from unauthorized disclosure. Violations of these requirements may result in civil and criminal penalties.

B. Fair Information Practice Principles

DHS treats all persons, regardless of immigration status, consistent with the Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPs).[2] The FIPPs are a set of eight principles that are rooted in the tenets of the Privacy Act of 1974. The principles are:

  • Transparency;
  • Individual participation;
  • Purpose specification;
  • Data minimization;
  • Use limitation;
  • Data quality and integrity;
  • Security; and
  • Accountability and auditing.

The table below provides a description of each principle.

Fair Information Practice Principles 

DHS Framework for Privacy Policy

Principle

Description

Transparency

DHS provides transparency for how it handles sensitive information through various mechanisms, including Privacy Impact Assessments, System of Records Notices, Privacy Act Statements, and the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).

Individual Participation

To the extent practicable, DHS should involve persons in the process of using their personal information, and they may always request information about themselves through a FOIA request.

Purpose Specification

DHS’ default action should be to not collect information, and if it is otherwise necessary, DHS should articulate the authorities that permit collection and must clearly state the purposes of the information collection.

Data Minimization

DHS collects only information relevant and necessary to accomplish the purposes specified and special emphasis is placed on reducing the use of sensitive personal information, where practical.

Use Limitation

Any sharing of information outside of the agency must be consistent with the use or purpose originally specified.

Data Quality and Integrity

DHS should, to the extent practical, ensure that PII is accurate, relevant, timely, and complete.

Security

DHS uses appropriate security safeguards against risks such as loss, unauthorized access or use, destruction, modification or unintended or inappropriate disclosure.

Accountability and Auditing

DHS has a number of accountability mechanisms, including reviews of its operations, training for employees, and investigations when appropriate.

C. Personally Identifiable Information

DHS defines PII as any information that permits the identity of a person to be directly or indirectly inferred, including any information which is linked or linkable to that person regardless of whether the person is a U.S. citizen, lawful permanent resident (LPR), visitor to the United States, or a DHS employee or contractor.[3]

Sensitive PII is defined as information which, if lost, compromised, or disclosed without authorization, could result in substantial harm, embarrassment, inconvenience, or unfairness to a person.[4] Some examples of PII that USCIS personnel may encounter include:

  • Name;

  • Address;

  • Date of birth; and

  • Certificate of Naturalization or Citizenship number.

  • Alien number (A-number);

  • Social Security number;

  • Driver’s license or state ID number;

  • Passport number; and

  • Biometric identifiers.

USCIS employees have a professional and legal responsibility to protect the PII the agency collects, disseminates, uses, or maintains. All USCIS employees must follow proper procedures when handling all PII and all information encountered in the course of their work. All USCIS employees processing PII must know and follow the policies and procedures for collecting, storing, handling, and sharing PII. Specifically, USCIS employees must:

  • Collect PII only when authorized;

  • Limit the access and use of PII;

  • Secure PII when not in use;

  • Share PII, only as authorized, with persons who have a need to know; and

  • Complete and remain current with all privacy, computer security, and special protected class training mandates.

D. Case-Specific Inquiries

USCIS receives a variety of case-specific inquiries, including requests for case status updates, accommodations at interviews, appointment rescheduling, and the resolution of other administrative issues. USCIS personnel are permitted to respond to these inquiries if:

  • The requestor is entitled to receive the requested case-specific information; and

  • Disclosure of the requested case-specific information would not violate Privacy Act requirements or other special protected class confidentiality protections.

1. Verifying Identity of Requestor

USCIS employees must verify the identity of a person inquiring about a specific application or petition. For in-person inquiries, those present must provide a government-issued identity document so that USCIS can verify their identity.

For inquiries not received in person (for example, those received through telephone call or email), it may be difficult to verify the identity of the person making the request through a government-issued document. In these cases, USCIS employees should ask for specific identifying information about the case to ensure that it is appropriate to communicate case-specific information. Examples of identifying information include, but are not limited to: receipt numbers, A-numbers, full names, dates of birth, email addresses, and physical addresses.

If a person is unable to provide identifying information that an applicant, petitioner, or representative should reasonably know, USCIS employees may refuse to respond to the request, or direct the requestor to make an appointment at a local field office or create a myUSCIS account.

2. Disclosure of Information

Except for case types with heightened privacy concerns,[5] USCIS employees may communicate about administrative case matters if the requestor is able to demonstrate his or her identity (for example, by showing government-issued identification during an in-person encounter), or provide verifying information sufficient to demonstrate that communication would be proper. Administrative case matters are generally any issues that do not involve the legal substance or merit of an application or petition.

USCIS employees should not disclose PII when responding to case-specific requests; inquiries can generally be resolved without any discussion of PII.[6] To ensure that a USCIS employee is not disclosing PII, the USCIS employee can always require that the requestor first provide and confirm any PII at issue. In addition, a USCIS employee may take action that results in the resending of cards, notices, or documents containing PII to addresses on file instead of directly disclosing PII to a requestor.

Interested parties may be present at in-person appointments or during telephone calls, with the consent of the applicant or petitioner. Consent is usually implied if both the applicant or petitioner and the third party are present together. However, a USCIS employee may always ask the applicant or petitioner if he or she consents to the third-party’s presence if there is any doubt.

3. Communication with Address on File

USCIS sends written responses and duplicate notices to the addresses on file. Before USCIS is able to send any correspondence to a different address, the person must initiate a service request to update his or her address in USCIS systems.[7] Change of address requests associated with cases subject to confidentiality provisions must follow separate procedures.[8]

4. Third-Party Information

Information from other agencies, such as Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), or the Department of State (DOS) may be located in USCIS files and systems. This information must not be released in response to an inquiry, although it may be appropriate to refer the inquiry to another agency.

5. Third-Party Government Inquiries

USCIS may share records covered under the Privacy Act with written consent from the person or pursuant to a routine use listed in the applicable System of Records Notices. Before sharing information with a government entity, USCIS must determine if the disclosure and use of information is compatible with an existing routine use. Planned uses must also be compatible with the purpose for which DHS originally collected the information. There are, however, enumerated exceptions of the Act that may apply.

Congress

One exception is for disclosures to either house of Congress, or any Congressional committee, subcommittee, joint committee, or subcommittee of a joint committee, if the matter is within its jurisdiction. For all other requests from members of Congress, such as constituent requests, the person whose information is to be released must have provided the member of Congress with a privacy release for USCIS to disclose any information related to that person.

The USCIS Office of Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs (OLIA)) and designated liaisons handle all inquiries and certain correspondence from Congress to USCIS. Members of Congress, congressional offices, and congressional committees should always go through OLIA when initiating an inquiry. The USCIS and Congress webpage on USCIS’ website provides instructions on how members of Congress should interact with and contact USCIS. Non-liaison USCIS employees who are contacted directly with a congressional inquiry should refer it to OLIA so that it may proceed through the proper channels.

Law Enforcement Agencies

Information may be shared with other DHS components under the existing DHS information sharing policy,[9] which considers all DHS components one agency, as long as there is a mission need in line with the requestor’s official duties.

Requests from law enforcement agencies outside of DHS must go through DHS Single Point of Service (SPS) Request for Information (RFI) Management Tool, which requires an account. Account requests can be submitted to DHS-SPS-RFI@hq.dhs.gov.

Before referring any relevant RFI to USCIS, SPS ensures any RFI is consistent with the USCIS mission, has been reviewed and cleared by DHS Counsel and Privacy (as required), and is provided a tracking number. SPS then submits the RFI to Fraud Detection and National Security (FDNS) Intelligence Division (ID). FDNS ID logs official RFIs and takes the necessary steps to process and answer them, including review by USCIS Office of the Chief Counsel and Office of Privacy.  

Federal Investigators

If an Office of Personnel Management or DHS Office of Inspector General (OIG) investigator requests information, the USCIS employee should provide the information upon verifying the requestor’s identity. Disclosure of any information needs to meet a routine use or be covered by a data share agreement. USCIS employees and contractors must provide prompt access for auditors, inspectors, investigators, and other personnel authorized by the OIG to any files, records, reports, or other information that may be requested either orally or in writing, and supervisors may not impede this cooperation.

Other Third-Party Inquiries

Prior to responding to a non-congressional third-party case inquiry, a written, signed, and notarized privacy release must be obtained from the applicant or petitioner. Third parties should submit a written authorization and identify the information the person desires to be disclosed. USCIS staff can accept the authorization via facsimile or email as long as the signature on the original is handwritten, and not typed or stamped.[10] The USCIS Office of Privacy will conduct an analysis for disclosure requests for PII on persons not covered by the Privacy Act or the Judicial Redress Act, absent another mechanism that confers a right or process by which a member of the public may access agency records.

E. VAWA, T, and U Cases

1. Confidentiality Provisions

Applicants and recipients of immigration relief under the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 (VAWA)[11] and the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Prevention Act of 2000[12] (T and U nonimmigrant status for victims of trafficking and other serious crimes) are entitled to special protections with regard to privacy and confidentiality. The governing statute prohibits the unauthorized disclosure of information about petitioners and applicants for, and beneficiaries of VAWA, T, and U-related benefit requests to anyone other than an officer or employee of DHS, the Department of Justice (DOJ), or the Department of State (DOS) who has a need to know.[13]

This confidentiality provision is commonly referred to as “Section 384” because it originally became law under Section 384 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) of 1996,[14] which protects the confidentiality of victims of domestic violence, trafficking, and other crimes who have filed for or have been granted immigration relief.

An unauthorized disclosure of information which relates to a protected person can have significant consequences. USCIS employees must maintain confidentiality in these cases. Victims of domestic violence, victims of trafficking, and victims of crimes can be put at risk, as can their family members, if information is provided to a person who is not authorized.

Anyone who willfully uses, publishes, or permits any information pertaining to such victims to be disclosed in violation of the above-referenced confidentiality provisions may face disciplinary action and be subject to a civil penalty of up to $5,000 for each violation.

2. Scope of Confidentiality

Duration of Confidentiality Requirement

By law, the confidentiality provisions apply while a VAWA, T, or U case is pending and after it is approved, and ends when the application for immigration relief is denied and all opportunities for appeal of the denial have been exhausted.

Disclosure of Information

USCIS cannot release any information relating to a protected person until the identity of the requestor of information is verified and that person’s authorization to know or receive the protected information is verified. Such identity and eligibility verification must be done before responding to any inquiry, expedite request, referral, or other correspondence. Upon identity verification, USCIS can provide protected information directly to the protected person or his or her representative authorized to receive 1367-protected information.

Exceptions for Disclosure of Information

USCIS is permitted to disclose information relating to a protected person in certain, limited circumstances. These circumstances include:

  • Statistical Information – Disclosure of data and statistical information may be made in the manner and circumstances permitted by law.[15]

  • Legitimate Law Enforcement Purposes – Disclosure of information may be made to law enforcement officials to be used solely for a legitimate law enforcement purpose.

  • Judicial Review – Information can be disclosed in connection with judicial review of a determination provided it is in a manner that protects the confidentiality of the information.

  • Applicant Waives Confidentiality – Adults can voluntarily waive the confidentiality provision; if there are multiple victims in one case, they must all waive the restrictions.

  • Public Benefits – Information may be disclosed to federal, state, and local public and private agencies providing benefits, to be used solely in making determinations of eligibility for benefits.[16]

  • Congressional Oversight Authority (for example, Government Accountability Office audits) – The Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security can disclose information on closed cases to the chairmen and ranking members of Congressional Committees on the Judiciary, for the exercise of Congressional oversight authority. The disclosure must be in a manner that protects the confidentiality of the information and omits PII (including location-related information about a specific person).

  • Communication with Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) – Government entities adjudicating applications for relief[17] and government personnel carrying out mandated duties under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA)[18] may, with the prior written consent of the person involved, communicate with nonprofit NGO victims’ service providers for the sole purpose of assisting victims in obtaining victim services. Agencies receiving referrals are bound by the confidentiality provisions.

  • National Security Purposes – The Secretary of Homeland Security, the Secretary of State, or the Attorney General may provide in their discretion the disclosure of information to national security officials to be used solely for a national security purpose in a manner that protects the confidentiality of such information.

  • To sworn officers or employees of the Department of State or Department of Justice, for legitimate Department, bureau, or agency purposes.

3. USCIS Assistance

USCIS employees must ensure confidentiality is maintained when an applicant, petitioner, or beneficiary of certain victim-based benefits requests assistance.

Change of Address

Applicants with VAWA, T, or U-related cases can request a change of address by submitting an Alien’s Change of Address Card (Form AR-11) with an original signature to the Vermont Service Center (VSC) by mail.

If the requestor previously filed for a waiver of the I-751 joint filing requirement because of abuse, the requestor should file a Form AR-11 with an original signature with the USCIS office assigned to work the Form I-751. The requestor can find the appropriate USCIS office by referring to the receipt number issued in response to the Form I-751 filing.[19]

An applicant may also appear in person at a USCIS field office to request a change of address, by calling the USCIS Contact Center at 1-800-375-5283 (TTY: 1-800-767-1833) to request an in-person appointment. The applicant’s identity must be verified before making the requested change. If the case is at the VSC or the Nebraska Service Center (NSC), the field office must also notify the VSC or NSC of the change of address for VAWA, T, and U cases. 

Telephonic Inquiries

The identity of the person inquiring about a confidential case must be verified and that person’s eligibility to receive information must also be verified. Such verification cannot be made telephonically.

F. Asylees and Refugees

1. Confidentiality Provisions

Federal regulations generally prohibit the disclosure to third parties of information contained in or pertaining to asylum applications, credible fear determinations, and reasonable fear determinations.[20] This includes information contained in the legacy Refugee Asylum and Parole System (RAPS) or the legacy Asylum Pre-Screening System (APSS), and Global System (the 2018 replacement for RAPS/APSS) or related information as displayed in CIS2 and PCQS, except under certain limited circumstances. As a matter of policy, the confidentiality protections in these regulations are extended to Registration for Classification as Refugee (Form I-590), Refugee/Asylee Relative Petitions (Form I-730), and Applications for Suspension of Deportation or Special Rule Cancellation pursuant to NACARA (Form I-881).

These regulations safeguard information that, if disclosed publicly, could subject the claimant to retaliatory measures by government authorities or non-state actors in the event the claimant is repatriated. Such disclosure could also endanger the security of the claimant’s family members who may still be residing in the country of origin.

Moreover, public disclosure might give rise to a plausible protection claim by the claimant where one would not otherwise exist. This is because such disclosure may bring an otherwise ineligible claimant to the attention of the government authority or non-state actor against which the claimant has made allegations of mistreatment.

2. Breach of Confidentiality

Confidentiality is breached when the unauthorized disclosure of information contained in or pertaining to, these protected classes allows the third party to link the identity of the applicant to:

  • The fact that the applicant or petitioner has applied for asylum or refugee status;

  • Specific facts or allegations pertaining to the individual asylum or refugee claim contained in an asylum or refugee application; or

  • Facts or allegations that are sufficient to give rise to a reasonable inference that the applicant has applied for asylum or refugee status.

The same principles generally govern the disclosure of information related to credible fear and reasonable fear determinations, and applications for withholding or deferral of removal under Article 3 of the Convention Against Torture, which are encompassed within the Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal (Form I-589). As a matter of policy, USCIS extends the regulatory safeguards to include claims under the Safe Third Country Agreement, applications for suspension of deportation, special rule cancellation of removal under NACARA 203, refugee case information, as well as refugee and asylee relative information.

Disclosures may only be made to U.S. government officials or employees and U.S. federal or state courts where there is a demonstrated need-to-know related to certain administrative, law enforcement, and civil actions. Any other disclosure requires the written consent of the claimant or the express permission of the Secretary of DHS.

3. USCIS Assistance

USCIS employees must not disclose information contained in, or pertaining to, any asylum or refugee application or claim to any third party without the written consent of the applicant, except as permitted by regulation or at the discretion of the Secretary of DHS.[21] 

This includes neither confirming nor denying that a particular person filed a protection claim by submitting any of the following:

  • An Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal (Form I-589);

  • A Registration for Classification as Refugee (Form I-590);

  • A Refugee/Asylee Relative Petition (From I-730);

  • A Request for a Safe Third Country Agreement Determination;

  • A Request for a Credible Fear Determination;

  • A Request for a Reasonable Fear Determination; and

  • An Application for Suspension of Deportation or Special Rule Cancellation of Removal (Pursuant to Section 203 of Public Law 105-100 (NACARA) (Form I-881)).

USCIS employees should respond to inquiries related to Form I-589, Form I-881, requests for information pertaining to the Safe Third Country Agreement, credible fear and reasonable fear processes, Form I-590, and Form I-730 in different ways, depending on the inquiry:

Request for Disability Accommodation at an Upcoming Form I-589 Interview

Tier 2 staff members may use the Service Request Management Tool (SRMT) to record and transfer requests to the asylum office with jurisdiction over the pending application. The asylum office then contacts the applicant to arrange for disability accommodation at the interview. While officers must not confirm or deny the existence of a pending protection claim or NACARA 203 application, those making disability accommodation requests for upcoming asylum interviews should be told that the request is being recorded and will be forwarded to the appropriate office for follow-up.

Change of Address Request

Tier 2 staff members may create a service request and submit it to the asylum office or service center with jurisdiction over the pending Form I-589, Form I-881, or Form I-730 petition. The office then fulfills the service request. While staff members must not confirm or deny the existence of a pending protection claim, those making address change requests should be told that the request is being recorded and will be forwarded to the appropriate office.

USCIS Contact Center Status Inquiries for Form I-589, Form I-881, and Form I-730

USCIS Contact Center personnel may not respond to any status inquiries, and may not confirm or deny the existence of an application or petition. Instead, USCIS Contact Center personnel should direct the caller to the Case Status Online tool. If the caller needs further assistance than the Case Status Online tool can provide, USCIS Contact Center personnel should direct the caller to the local office with jurisdiction over the application. For information on office-specific in-person appointment requirement, see the Asylum Office Locator tool. The office with jurisdiction over the application must respond to the inquiry.

USCIS Contact Center Status Inquiries for Form I-590 Applications

USCIS Contact Center personnel may not respond to any status inquiries and may not confirm or deny the existence of an application or petition. Instead, USCIS Contact Center personnel should obtain all relevant information from the inquirer and refer the inquiry to the USCIS Headquarters International and Refugee Affairs Division (IRAD) for response.

Inquiries Regarding Subsequent Applications or Petitions Based on Underlying Form I-589, Form I-590, or Form I-730

Staff members may respond to inquiries regarding subsequent applications or petitions that are based on an underlying Form I-589, Form I-590, or Form I-730 (including Application for Travel Document (Form I-131), Application for Employment Authorization (Form I-765), or Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status (Form I-485)). Staff members may not confirm or deny the existence of the underlying application.

General Inquiries

USCIS employees may respond to general questions about the asylum program, the U.S. Refugee Admission Program (USRAP), and credible and reasonable fear screenings.[22] However, for all specific case status questions relating to I-589 applications or I-730 petitions, the inquirers must be directed to contact the local asylum office or service center with jurisdiction over the application. For specific case status questions relating to I-590 refugee applications, the inquiry must be referred to RAD for response.

Asylum offices may accept case inquiries from the applicant or the applicant’s attorney or representative with a properly completed Notice of Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Accredited Representative (Form G-28) on file.

Asylum offices may receive case inquiries in a variety of ways, such as by mail, email, phone, fax, or in person. When it is possible to verify the identity of the applicant or attorney or representative inquiring, offices may respond using any of those communication channels. If it is not possible to verify the identity of the inquirer, asylum offices should respond to inquiries by providing a written response to the last address the applicant provided.

RAD does not respond to inquiries over the phone, but instead asks the inquirer to put his or her request in writing so that the signature and return address can be compared to information on file. RAD responds to an inquiry received by email only if the email address matches the information the applicant submitted to the Resettlement Support Center or if the principal applicant provides written consent that includes the principal applicant’s signature.  

G. Temporary Protected Status

1. Confidentiality Provisions

Like refugee and asylum cases, information pertaining to Temporary Protected Status (TPS) cases may not be disclosed to certain third parties because unauthorized disclosure of information may place the applicant or the applicant’s family at risk.[23]

The law prohibits the release of information contained in the TPS application or in supporting documentation to third parties without the written consent of the applicant. A third party is defined as anyone other than:

  • The TPS applicant;

  • The TPS applicant’s attorney or authorized representative (with a properly completed Notice of Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Accredited Representative (Form G-28) on file);

  • A DOJ officer, which has also been extended to include a DHS officer following the transfer of certain immigration functions from DOJ to DHS; or

  • Any federal or state law enforcement agency.

2. USCIS Assistance

USCIS may not release any information contained in any TPS application and supporting documents in any form to any third party, without a court order or the written consent of the applicant.[24] Status inquiries may not confirm or deny the existence of a TPS application, or whether a person has TPS, until the identity of the inquirer has been confirmed and it has been determined the inquirer is not a third party to whom information may not be released.

USCIS employees must adhere to these same TPS confidentiality provisions regarding the disclosure of information to third parties, even if the information is contained in a TPS-related form such as:

  • The Application for Employment Authorization (Form I-765), which every TPS applicant must file;

  • A TPS-related waiver requested on Application for Waiver of Grounds of Inadmissibility (Form I-601); or

  • A TPS-related Application for Travel Document (Form I-131).

With respect to confidentiality, USCIS employees must treat these records as they do other TPS supporting documentation in the TPS application package.

USCIS employees may respond to general questions about the TPS program.[25] However, for all case-specific questions relating to Form I-821 applications, USCIS employees must first confirm the identity of the person and his or her eligibility to receive such information.

Offices must not take or respond to inquiries about the status of a TPS application made by telephone, fax, or email because it is not possible to sufficiently verify the identity of the inquirer. Offices may accept written status requests signed by the applicant (or the applicant’s attorney or representative with a properly completed Notice of Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Accredited Representative (Form G-28) on file).

3. Exceptions for Disclosure

Information about TPS applications and information contained in supporting documentation can be disclosed to third parties in two instances:

  • When it is mandated by a court order; or

  • With the written consent of the applicant.

Information about TPS cases can be disclosed to officers of DOJ, DHS, or any federal or state law enforcement agency since they are not considered third parties.[26] Information disclosed under the requirements of the TPS confidentiality regulation may be used for immigration enforcement or in any criminal proceeding.

H. Legalization

1. Confidentiality Provisions

Statutory and regulatory provisions require confidentiality in legalization cases and Legal Immigration Family Equity (LIFE) Act legalization cases, prohibiting the publishing of any information that may be identified with a legalization applicant.[27] The laws also do not permit anyone other than sworn officers and employees of DHS and DOJ to examine individual applications.

Information contained in the legalization application can only be used in the following circumstances:

  • To make a determination on the legalization application;

  • For criminal prosecution of false statements violations;[28] or

  • In preparation of certain reports to Congress.

A breach in confidentiality of legalization cases can result in a $10,000 fine.[29]

2. USCIS Assistance

Case-specific information may be provided to the applicant and the applicant’s attorney or authorized representative (with a properly completed Notice of Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Accredited Representative (Form G-28) on file) after the inquirer’s identity has been verified. No others are authorized to receive legalization information unless one of the enumerated exceptions to disclosure noted below applies.

3. Exceptions for Disclosure

USCIS is permitted to disclose information pertaining to legalization cases in certain, limited circumstances. These circumstances include:

Law Enforcement Purposes

USCIS is required to disclose information to a law enforcement entity in connection with a criminal investigation or prosecution, when that information is requested in writing.

Requested by an Official Coroner

USCIS is also required to disclose information to an official coroner for purposes of affirmatively identifying a deceased person (whether or not the person died as a result of a crime).

Statistical Information

Disclosure of data and statistical information may be made in the manner and circumstances permitted by law.[30]

Available from Another Source

USCIS may disclose information furnished by an applicant in the legalization application, or any other information derived from the application, provided that it is available from another source (for example, another application or if the information is publicly available).

I. Special Agricultural Workers

1. Confidentiality Provisions

Material in A-files filed pursuant to the Special Agricultural Workers (SAW) program is protected by strict confidentiality provisions.[31] The statute provides that the employee who knowingly uses, publishes, or permits information to be examined in violation of the confidentiality provisions may be fined not more than $10,000.[32]

In general, USCIS may not use information furnished by the SAW applicant for any purpose other than to make a determination on the application, for termination of temporary residence, or for enforcement actions relating to false statements in applications.[33] The applicant may not waive the confidentiality provisions, which even survive the death of the applicant.

2. USCIS Assistance

In general, it is permissible for USCIS employees to disclose only that an applicant has applied for SAW and the outcome of the adjudication. Case information may be provided to the applicant and the applicant’s attorney or authorized representative (with a properly completed Notice of Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Accredited Representative (Form G-28) on file) after the inquirer’s identity has been verified. No other parties are authorized to receive SAW information, unless one of the enumerated exceptions to disclosure noted below applies.

3. Exceptions for Disclosure

It is appropriate for DHS and DOJ employees to have access to SAW material. The materials are subject to the above-mentioned penalties for unlawful use, publication, or release. USCIS is permitted to disclose information pertaining to SAW cases in certain, limited circumstances. These circumstances include:

Law Enforcement Purposes

USCIS is required to disclose information to a law enforcement entity in connection with a criminal investigation or prosecution, when that information is requested in writing.

Requested by an Official Coroner

USCIS is also required to disclose information to an official coroner for purposes of affirmatively identifying a deceased person (whether or not the person died as a result of a crime).

Criminal Convictions

Information concerning whether the SAW applicant has at any time been convicted of a crime may be used or released for immigration enforcement or law enforcement purposes.

J. S Nonimmigrant Visa Category

Nonimmigrants under the S visa category are noncitizen[34] witnesses or informants. An S nonimmigrant is not readily identified in USCIS systems. However, if a USCIS employee discovers that an inquiry is from an S nonimmigrant or from someone who has applied for such status, the case must be handled carefully.

Inquiries regarding the following should come from a law enforcement entity:[35]

  • An Interagency Alien Witness and Informant Record (Form I-854A);

  • An Interagency Alien Witness and Informant Adjustment of Status (Form I-854B); and

  • An Application for Employment Authorization (Form I-765) filed on the basis of being a principal nonimmigrant witness or informant in S classification.

If USCIS receives an inquiry regarding the status of a Form I-854 or a Form I-765 filed as an S nonimmigrant, the USCIS employee must neither confirm nor deny the existence of such applications and should inform the person that inquiries on these applications must be submitted through appropriate law enforcement channels. 

Under no circumstances may USCIS employees ask questions about the S nonimmigrant’s role in cooperating with law enforcement, the type of criminal activity for which the nonimmigrant is an informant or witness, or any specific information about the case in which the S nonimmigrant may be involved.

K. Witness Security Program

1. Program Participants

Participation in the Witness Security Program (commonly known as the Witness Protection Program) is not reflected in USCIS systems. Applicants in the Witness Security Program should not tell anyone, including USCIS employees, that they are participants in the program. A separate immigration file is created for a new identity of a participant in the program, and information from before and after the change in identity must be in separate files. However, one file will have documentation of a legal name change.

2. USCIS Assistance

If an applicant indicates that he or she is in the Witness Security Program, the applicant should be referred to the U.S. Marshals Service.[36] Also, under no circumstances should USCIS employees ask questions about why or how the applicant was placed in the Witness Security Program or any specific information about the case which resulted in the applicant being placed in the Witness Security Program.

Footnotes


[^ 1] See Privacy Act of 1974, Pub. L. 93-579 (PDF), 88 Stat. 1896 (December 31, 1974) (codified at 5 U.S.C. 552a (PDF)).

[^ 2] See DHS Privacy Policy Guidance Memorandum (PDF), issued April 25, 2017.

[^ 3] See Privacy Incident Handling Guidance (PDF), DHS Instruction Guide 047-01-008, issued December 4, 2017.

[^ 4] See Privacy Incident Handling Guidance (PDF), DHS Instruction Guide 047-01-008, issued December 4, 2017.

[^ 5]The enhanced privacy protections and other confidentiality protections associated with certain applications and petitions mean that merely acknowledging the existence of a pending petition or application could violate statutory and regulatory requirements. As a result, when responding to inquiries about these types of cases, including Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), T, U, and asylum cases, USCIS employees should follow the policies in place for those specific benefits. For more information, see Section E, VAWA, T, and U Cases [1 USCIS-PM A.7(E)] through Section K, Witness Security Program [1 USCIS-PM A.7(K)].

[^ 6] A case’s status generally refers to its current posture in the adjudication process, which is dictated by the last action taken. For example, a case could be pending background checks, with an officer, awaiting response to a request for evidence (RFE), or with a decision issued on a given date.

[^ 7] See USCIS Change of Address web portal. See Chapter 4, Service Request Management Tool, Section B, Responding to Service Requests [1 USCIS-PM A.4(B)].

[^ 8] See Section E, VAWA, T, and U Cases, Subsection 3, USCIS Assistance [1 USCIS-PM A.7(E)(3)].

[^ 9] See The DHS Policy for Internal Information Exchange and Sharing.

[^ 10] For requests from federal, state, or local government agency representatives who want to review or want copies of documents from an A-file, USCIS employees should refer to USCIS records procedures regarding outside agency requests for USCIS files.

[^ 11] See Pub. L. 103-322 (PDF) (September 13, 1994).

[^ 12] See Pub. L. 106-386 (PDF) (October 28, 2000).

[^ 13] See 8 U.S.C. 1367.

[^ 14] See Pub. L. 104-208, 110 Stat. 3009-546, 3009-652 (September 30, 1996).

[^ 15] See 13 U.S.C. 8.

[^ 16] See 8 U.S.C. 1641(c).

[^ 17] This applies to application for relief under 8 U.S.C. 1367(a)(2).

[^ 18] See INA 101(i)(1).

[^ 19] For more information regarding change of address procedures, see the Change of Address Information webpage.

[^ 20] See 8 CFR 208.6.

[^ 21] See 8 CFR 208.6.

[^ 22] Examples of general inquiries include: who can apply for asylum or refugee status, how to apply for asylum or access the USRAP, bars to protection, whether applicants are eligible for work authorization, and number of days it normally takes before an interview is scheduled. 

[^ 23] See INA 244(c)(6). See 8 CFR 244.16

[^ 24] See 8 CFR 244.16 for exceptions.

[^ 25] Examples of general inquiries include: Who can apply for TPS, how to apply for TPS, bars to TPS, whether applicants are eligible for work authorization, and the number of days it normally takes to adjudicate an application for TPS. 

[^ 26] See 8 CFR 244.16.

[^ 27] See INA 245A(c)(4)-(5) . See 8 CFR 245a.2(t), 8 CFR 245a.3(n) , and 8 CFR 245a.21.

[^ 28] See INA 245A(c)(6).

[^ 29] See INA 245A(c)(5)(E).

[^ 30] See 13 U.S.C. 8.

[^ 31] See INA 210 . This pertains to the 1987-1988 SAW program.

[^ 32] See INA 210(b)(6)(D).

[^ 33] See INA 210(b)(7).

[^ 34] In this Policy Manual, the term noncitizen, unless otherwise specified, means a person who is not a citizen or national of the United States. This term is synonymous with “alien” as defined in INA 101(a)(3) (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(3)).

[^ 35] See 8 CFR 274a.12(c)(21).

[^ 36] Officers can find information on how to contact their local U.S. Marshals Service office (if they are in the United States) on the U.S. Marshals Service website. Officers should advise applicants to consult with the U.S. Marshals Service on how to handle the disclosure of their participation in the Witness Protection Program.

Chapter 8 - Conduct in USCIS Facilities

A. Privacy in USCIS Offices

When communicating about personal or case specific information, both USCIS employees and the public should note the importance of protecting privacy.[1] Whenever possible, both USCIS employees and the public should take common sense steps to make communications as private as possible. For example, USCIS employees should:

  • Avoid projecting so that others in the room can clearly hear conversations that involve personal information; and

  • For in-person encounters about case-specific inquiries, ensure that inquirers are given sufficient space so that documents presented are not on display for others to see.

USCIS must strike a balance between quickly and accurately assisting large groups of benefit requestors on the one hand, and protecting the privacy of all persons on the other. USCIS employees and benefit requestors must work together to strike this balance as best as possible. Persons contacting USCIS regarding a matter with heightened privacy considerations should work with USCIS employees to ensure that their privacy is protected.

B. Electronic Devices

Visitors must abide by applicable policies established by the facility in which they are seeking services. Depending on the facility’s policies, visitors may be permitted to possess cell phones, personal digital assistants, tablets, laptops, and other electronic devices.

No one may photograph or record at a USCIS office except when observing naturalization or citizenship ceremonies. In addition, phones should be silenced while in the waiting area and any conversations should be kept to a low level so as not to disrupt others. Phones should be turned off during interviews or while being served by USCIS staff at the information counter.

To ensure successful implementation of this guidance, USCIS field offices are encouraged to:

  • Ensure all USCIS federal and contract employees are aware of the cell phone usage policies;

  • Ensure all visitors are informed of the cell phone usage policies; and

  • Display posters and signage regarding this guidance in common areas.

Footnote


[^ 1] See Chapter 7, Privacy and Confidentiality [1 USCIS-PM A.7].

Chapter 9 - Feedback, Complaints, and Reporting Misconduct

A. Feedback

1. USCIS Contact Center

USCIS conducts telephone interviews every month with callers who have used the USCIS Contact Center within the past 90 days. USCIS may contract with a private company to execute this task. The interviews that are conducted represent a statistically valid sample.

2. In-Person Appointments

Field offices may provide feedback forms in their waiting rooms. If such forms are provided, field offices should also provide a place within the office to deposit the feedback forms.

3. USCIS Website

In February 2010, USCIS implemented the American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI) Survey on the USCIS website. This recognized instrument is a voluntary, randomized, pop-up, online survey offered to USCIS website users. By participating in this survey, USCIS became part of the E-Government Satisfaction Index and joined more than one hundred other government organizations and agencies that have already implemented this survey and are receiving feedback.

USCIS reviews the results of the survey on a quarterly basis and identifies opportunities to improve the USCIS website. Survey data also informs USCIS where resources might best be used to affect overall satisfaction.

USCIS also reviews a wide assortment of research papers and other products available from the survey administrator to help USCIS in data gathering, analysis, and site improvement activities.

B. Complaints[1]

1. Ways of Submitting Complaints

Complaint in USCIS Office

Persons can make a complaint in a USCIS office by asking to speak to a supervisor. In these situations, a supervisor must be made available within a reasonable amount of time. The supervisor should take the complainant’s name and information about the nature of the complaint. The supervisor should attempt to resolve the issue before the complainant leaves the office.

Submit Written Complaint

Written complaints may include handwritten letters, emails, or faxes.[2]

Contact Office of Inspector General Directly[3]

Contact information for DHS Office of Inspector General (OIG) can be found on both the USCIS website and on the DHS website. OIG contact information must also be displayed in a public area and visible in every USCIS field office.

File Complaint with USCIS Headquarters

USCIS Headquarters (HQ) contact information is provided on USCIS’ website. If the complaint is directed to the wrong directorate or program office, the complaint must be forwarded to the appropriate HQ entity.

Ask to Speak to Contact Center Supervisor

If a caller is dissatisfied with the service he or she received during a call to the USCIS Contact Center, the caller may ask to speak to a supervisor.[4] Both Tier 1 and Tier 2 staff members must transfer the call to a supervisor.

2. Complaints Received

A person should not be expected to know where to first submit a complaint or how to elevate a complaint if they think that their issue has not been adequately addressed. Under no circumstances should a person’s complaint be dismissed or disregarded because the proper process for filing a complaint was not followed. All complaints received must be handled appropriately.

All complaints should be responded to by providing a written response, telephone call, or if applicable, addressing the complaint in person upon submission. The response should explain steps taken to resolve the issue. In cases where the complaint cannot be resolved in a reasonable time, the response should acknowledge the receipt of the complaint, when a resolution is expected, and any additional action the person may take.

Applicants with complaints about being victimized by a person engaged in the unauthorized practice of immigration law (UPIL) should be directed to USCIS’ website where they can find state-by-state reporting information, as well as information on how to report UPIL to the Federal Trade Commission.

C. Reporting Allegations of Misconduct

Benefit requestors and other interested parties should report allegations of misconduct by USCIS employees.[5]

1. Employee Misconduct

Allegations of misconduct by USCIS employee and contractors should be reported immediately to the USCIS Office of Investigations (OI) or the DHS Office of the Inspector General (OIG). Allegations can include, but are not limited to:

  • Fraud, corruption, bribery, and embezzlement;

  • Sexual advances or sexual misconduct;

  • Theft or misuse of funds and theft of government property;

  • Perjury;

  • Physical assault;[6]

  • Unauthorized release of classified or special protected class[7] information;

  • Drug use or possession;

  • Unauthorized use or misuse of sensitive official government databases;

  • Misuse of official position for private gain;

  • Misuse of a government vehicle or property;

  • Failure to properly account for government fund;

  • Unauthorized use or misuse of a government purchase or travel card;

  • Falsification of travel documents; and

  • Falsification of employment application documents.

2. Reporting Employee Misconduct

Reporting Employee Misconduct

Contact Information[8]

DHS Office

Phone and Fax

Mail

USCIS OI

202-233-2453 (Fax)

Office of Investigations
Attn: Intake
Mail Stop: 2275
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
633 Third Street NW, 3rd Floor, Suite 350
Washington, DC 20529-2275

DHS OIG

Toll-free hotline:

800-323-8603

202-254-4297 (Fax)

DHS Office of Inspector General, Mail Stop: 0305
Attn: Office of Investigations - Hotline
245 Murray Lane, SW
Washington, DC 20528-0305

USCIS OI makes every effort to maintain the confidentiality of informational sources. However, for investigations in which an allegation is substantiated and disciplinary action is proposed, the subject of such investigation is entitled to review documentation and evidence relied upon as the basis for the proposed action.

OI refers matters to DHS OIG for review and investigative determination as required, depending on the nature of the allegations included in the report. If the allegation either does not meet the criteria for referral to DHS OIG or is not accepted by DHS OIG for investigation, OI may resolve the matter by conducting an investigation; referring the matter for an official management inquiry, if appropriate; or referring the matter to the appropriate USCIS manager for information and action as necessary.

As a matter of procedure, OI does not provide a complainant, victim, witness, or subject of a complaint with the initial investigative determination of a complaint, since a disclosure of this nature could adversely impact the investigative process or agency resolution of the alleged behavior.

Any allegation may also be reported by contacting DHS OIG directly either through a local OIG field office,[9] or by one of the methods above.

3. Allegations of Discrimination

Allegations of discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, parental status, protected genetic information, national origin, age, or disability should be promptly reported to a USCIS supervisor or to the DHS Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties (CRCL).[10] In addition, allegations involving physical assault (such as grabbing, fondling, hitting, or shoving) should be reported to OI or DHS OIG. CRCL’s website also contains detailed information about avenues for filing complaints with different offices and components of DHS.[11]

DHS Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties

Contact Information

Email

Fax

Mail

CRCLCompliance@hq.dhs.gov

202-401-4708

U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties
245 Murray Lane, SW, Building 410
Mail Stop: 0190
Washington, DC 20528

D. Reporting Fraud, Abuse, and Scams

Benefit requestors and other interested parties should report fraud, abuse, and scams as indicated on the USCIS Contact Us page. 

In addition, immigration fraud can be reported to:

The USCIS website also contains information on common scams and how to avoid scams.

Footnotes


[^ 1] This section specifically addresses complaints that do not involve egregious or criminal misconduct. For information on the Office of Security and Integrity’s policy on reporting criminal and egregious misconduct, see Section C, Reporting Allegations of Misconduct [1 USCIS-PM A.9(C)].

[^ 2] See Appendix: Dissatisfaction with USCIS: Terms and Definitions [1 USCIS-PM A.9, Appendices Tab] for information on where to send complaints.

[^ 3] See Appendix: Dissatisfaction with USCIS: Terms and Definitions [1 USCIS-PM A.9, Appendices Tab] for information on how to contact the OIG.

[^ 4] See Chapter 3, Forms of Assistance, Section C, Telephone [1 USCIS-PM A.3(C)].

[^ 5] USCIS employees are also subject to mandatory reporting requirements for known or suspected misconduct by federal employees and contractors.

[^ 6] Physical assault may include grabbing, fondling, hitting, or shoving.

[^ 7] See Chapter 7, Privacy and Confidentiality [1 USCIS-PM A.7].

[^ 8] Allegations reported directly to the DHS OIG may also be reported through a local DHS OIG field office.

[^ 9] A list of OIG Office of Investigations field offices is available on the DHS OIG’s website.

[^ 10] See the File a Civil Rights Complaint page on the DHS website. 

[^ 11] See How to File a Complaint with the Department of Homeland Security.

Part B - Submission of Benefit Requests

In May 2020, USCIS retired its Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM), a collection of our immigration policies and procedures.

In May 2020, USCIS retired its Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM), a collection of our immigration policies and procedures. We are working quickly to update and incorporate all of the AFM content into the USCIS Policy Manual, the agency’s centralized online repository for immigration policies. Until then, we have moved any remaining AFM content to its corresponding Policy Manual Part. To the extent that a provision in the Policy Manual conflicts with remaining AFM content or Policy Memoranda, the updated information in the Policy Manual prevails. If you have questions or concerns about any discrepancies among these resources, contact PolicyFeedback@uscis.dhs.gov.

AFM Chapter 10 - An Overview of the Adjudication Process (External) (PDF, 2.55 MB)

Chapter 1 - Purpose and Background

A. Purpose

Those seeking immigration benefits in the United States must generally request benefits by filing the appropriate USCIS form(s) with USCIS.[1] Proper submission of benefit requests provides USCIS the opportunity to determine whether a person is initially eligible for the benefit requested and facilitates an efficient management of requests.[2]

B. Background

With the Immigration Act of 1891, the federal government assumed direct control of inspecting, admitting, rejecting, and processing all immigrants seeking admission to the United States.[3] On January 2, 1892, the Immigration Service opened Ellis Island in New York Harbor. The Immigration Service began collecting arrival manifests from each incoming ship. Inspectors then questioned arrivals about their admissibility and noted their admission or rejection on the manifest records.[4]

Over the years, different federal government departments and offices have adjudicated immigration benefit requests. The process of submitting benefit requests has also changed over time. Today, requestors generally seek benefits from USCIS by submitting specific forms; the forms also help guide requestors in collecting and submitting necessary evidence. USCIS uses forms to establish the record, verify identity, and adjudicate the benefit request.

USCIS is primarily funded by immigration and naturalization benefit request fees charged to applicants and petitioners.[5] Fees collected from individuals and entities filing immigration benefit requests are deposited into the Immigration Examinations Fee Account (IEFA). These fee collections fund the cost of fairly and efficiently adjudicating immigration benefit requests, including those provided without charge to refugee, asylum, and certain other applicants.

Form Types

USCIS adjudicates immigration benefit requests in and outside the United States. The table below provides a list of the major benefits USCIS provides, the corresponding form(s), and corresponding Policy Manual guidance for more information.[6]

Common USCIS-Issued Immigration Benefits

Benefit Sought

Relevant Form(s)

For More Information

Nonimmigrant status

Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker (Form I-129)

Volume 2, Nonimmigrants [2 USCIS-PM]

Petition for Alien Fiancé(e) (Form I-129F)

Petition for U Nonimmigrant Status (Form I-918)

Petition for Qualifying Family Member of a U-1 Nonimmigrant (Form I-929)

Application to Extend/Change Nonimmigrant Status (Form I-539)

Immigrant status

Petition for Alien Relative (Form I-130)

Volume 6, Immigrants [6 USCIS-PM]

Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker (Form I-140)

Petition for Amerasian, Widow(er), or Special Immigrant (Form I-360)

Immigrant Petition by Alien Investor (Form I-526)

Volume 6, Immigrants, Part G, Investors [6 USCIS-PM G]

Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status (Form I-485)

Volume 7, Adjustment of Status [7 USCIS-PM]

Refugee or asylee status

Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal (Form I-589)

Volume 4, Refugees [4 USCIS-PM]
Volume 5, Asylees [5 USCIS-PM]

Refugee/Asylee Relative Petition (Form I-730)

Temporary Protected Status

Application for Temporary Protected Status (Form I-821)

Volume 3, Protection and Parole [3 USCIS-PM]

Employment authorization

Application for Employment Authorization (Form I-765)

Volume 10, Employment Authorization [10 USCIS-PM]

Travel authorization (including reentry permit, humanitarian parole, and advance parole document)

Application for Travel Document (Form I-131)

Volume 11, Travel and Identity Documents [11 USCIS-PM]

Citizenship

Application for Naturalization (Form N-400)

Volume 12, Citizenship and Naturalization [12 USCIS-PM]

Application for Certificate of Citizenship (Form N-600)

Volume 12, Citizenship and Naturalization, Part H, Children of U.S. Citizens [12 USCIS-PM H]

Application for Citizenship and Issuance of Certificate Under Section 322 (Form N-600K)

Overcoming Inadmissibility

Application for Permission to Reapply for Admission into the U.S. After Deportation or Removal (Form I-212)

Volume 9, Waivers and Other Forms of Relief [9 USCIS-PM]

Application for Waiver of Grounds of Inadmissibility (Form I-601)

Application by Refugee for Waiver of Grounds of Excludability (Form I-602)

Application for Advance Permission to Enter as a Nonimmigrant (Form I-192)

Application for Waiver of Grounds of Inadmissibility (Form I-690)

Each USCIS form has accompanying instructions that explain how to complete the form, as well as the necessary supporting evidence and fees that must be submitted with the completed form.[7] In addition, some forms may require the submission of biometric information and an additional fee for biometric processing.[8]

C. Legal Authorities

  • INA 103 - Powers and duties of the Secretary, Under Secretary, and Attorney General

  • 8 CFR 103.2 - Submission and adjudication of benefit requests 

  • 8 CFR 103.7 - Fees

Footnotes


[^ 1] See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(1).

[^ 2] The terms “benefit request” and “immigration benefit request,” as used in this Part, include, but are not limited to, all requests funded by the Immigration Examinations Fee Account (IEFA). These terms may also refer to forms or requests not directly resulting in an immigration benefit, such as those resulting in an exercise of prosecutorial discretion by DHS.

[^ 3] See Pub. L. 55-551 (March 3, 1891).

[^ 4] See the USCIS History and Genealogy website for additional information. See Overview of Legacy Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) History (PDF, 284.73 KB).

[^ 5] See INA 286(m). See 8 CFR 103.7(c)

[^ 6] See the USCIS website for a complete list of all USCIS forms and form instructions.

[^ 7] See 8 CFR 103.2. For a list of all forms and form instructions, see the USCIS Forms page.

[^ 8] See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(1).

Chapter 2 - Signatures

A. Signature Requirement

USCIS requires a valid signature on applications, petitions, requests, and certain other documents filed with USCIS.[1] Except as otherwise specifically authorized, a benefit requestor must personally sign his or her own request before filing it with USCIS.[2]

In order to maintain the integrity of the immigration benefit system and validate the identity of benefit requestors, USCIS rejects any benefit request with an improper signature and returns it to the requestor.[3] USCIS does not provide an opportunity to correct (or cure) a deficient signature. The benefit requestor, however, may resubmit the benefit request with a valid signature. As long as all other filing requirements are met, including payment of the required fee, USCIS may accept the resubmitted benefit request.

If USCIS accepts a request for adjudication and later determines that it has a deficient signature, USCIS denies the request. If USCIS needs additional information to confirm that a person[4] is authorized to sign on behalf of another person, corporation, or other legal entity, USCIS may issue either a Request for Evidence (RFE) or a Notice of Intent to Deny (NOID) to confirm that such signature authority existed at the time the document was submitted.

If USCIS issues a denial based on a deficient signature or unauthorized power of attorney (POA), the benefit requestor retains any motion and appeal rights associated with the applicable form.[5]

B. Valid Signature

A valid signature consists of any handwritten mark or sign made by a person to signify the following:

  • The person knows of the content of the request and any supporting documents;

  • The person has reviewed and approves of any information contained in such request and any supporting documents; and

  • The person certifies under penalty of perjury that the request and any other supporting documents are true and correct.

A valid signature does not need to be legible or in English, and may be abbreviated as long as this is consistent with how the person signing normally signs his or her name. A valid signature does not have to be in cursive handwriting. A person may use an “X” or similar mark as his or her signature. A signature is valid even if the original signature on the document is photocopied, scanned, faxed, or similarly reproduced. Regardless of how it is transmitted to USCIS, the copy must be of an original document containing an original handwritten signature, unless otherwise specified. The regulations do not require that the person signing submit an “original” or “wet ink” signature on a petition, application, or other request to USCIS.

When determining whether a signature is acceptable, officers should review any applicable regulations, form instructions, and policy to ensure that the signature on a particular benefit request is proper. USCIS does not accept signatures created by a typewriter, word processor, stamp, auto-pen, or similar device.

For benefit requests filed electronically as permitted by form instructions, USCIS accepts signatures in an electronic format. Benefit requestors must follow the instructions provided to properly sign electronically. [6]

Acceptable and Unacceptable Signatures

Acceptable

Unacceptable

  • Original signature

  • Handwritten “X,” or similar mark, in ink (including a fingerprint, if unable to write)

  • Abbreviated signature, if that is the normal signature

  • Signature of parent or legal guardian of benefit requestor if requestor is under 14 years of age

  • Signature by the benefit requestor’s legal guardian, surrogate, or person with a valid durable power of attorney or a similar legally binding document[7]

  • An original signature on the benefit request that is later photocopied, scanned, faxed, or similarly reproduced, unless otherwise required by form instructions

  • Electronic signature[8]

  • Typed name on signature line

  • Signature by an attorney or representative signing for the requestor or requestor's child

  • Signature created by a typewriter, word processor, stamp, auto-pen, or similar device[9]

C. Who May Sign

The signer of a benefit request or any document submitted to USCIS affirms that the signer has authority to sign the document, has knowledge of the facts being represented in the document, and attests to the veracity of the facts and claims made in the document. Signers may be held accountable for any fraud or material misrepresentation associated with the benefit request.

For any particular benefit request, USCIS may specify the signature requirements, as well as related evidentiary requirements, to establish signatory authority. Benefit requestors should refer to the benefit request and any accompanying instructions for benefit-specific information on signature requirements.

1. Benefit Requestors Themselves

In general, any person requesting an immigration benefit must sign their own immigration benefit request, and any other associated documents, before filing it with USCIS.[10] Therefore, corporations or other legal entities, attorneys, accredited representatives, agents,[11] preparers, and interpreters generally may not sign a benefit request, or associated documents, for a requestor.

By signing the benefit request, the requestor certifies under penalty of perjury that the benefit request, and all evidence submitted with it, either at or after the time of filing, is true and correct.

2. Parents and Legal Guardians of Requestors

A parent may sign a benefit request on behalf of a child who is under 14 years of age.[12] Children 14 years of age or older must sign on their own behalf. If a parent signs on behalf of a child, the parent must submit a birth certificate or adoption decree to establish the parent-child relationship.

A legal guardian[13] may also sign a benefit request on behalf of a child who is under 14 years of age, as well as for a mentally incompetent person of any age.[14]

By signing the benefit request, the parent or guardian certifies under penalty of perjury that the benefit request, and all evidence submitted with it, either at or after the time of filing, is true and correct.

Legal Guardian

A legal guardian is a person who a proper court or public authority has designated as the benefit requestor’s legal guardian or surrogate and who is authorized to exercise legal authority over the requestor’s affairs. Legal guardian does not include persons who were not appointed by the proper court or public authority, even if they have a legitimate interest in the legal affairs of the child or incapacitated adult, are acting in loco parentis, or are a family member.[15]

USCIS requires documentation to establish the legal guardian’s authority to sign a benefit request on behalf of the child or mentally incompetent requestor. Acceptable documentation includes, but is not limited to, official letters of guardianship or other orders issued by a court or government agency legally authorized to make such appointment under the law governing the place where the child or incapacitated requestor resides.

Designated Representative

For purposes of naturalization, a designated representative may also sign for the applicant who is unable to understand or communicate an understanding of the Oath of Allegiance because of a physical or developmental disability or mental impairment.[16]

Durable Power of Attorney Requirements

​USCIS accepts a durable POA or similar legally binding document only in the case of an incapacitated adult. A formal court appointment is not necessary if a person signs on behalf of an incapacitated adult under the authority of a POA.

A POA is a written authorization to act on another’s behalf in private or business affairs or other legal matters. A durable POA is a contract signed while a person is still competent that assigns power of attorney in the event that the person becomes incapacitated at some point in the future.[17]

In most cases, the language of the durable POA specifies steps that need to be taken in order for the durable POA to take effect. To assess whether a durable POA is valid and in effect, USCIS generally requires, at minimum, a copy of the durable POA, as well as evidence showing that the steps required for the durable POA to take effect have occurred. Often this evidence includes a physician’s statement indicating that the durable POA is in effect as the result of the incapacitated adult’s disability. USCIS accepts a durable POA only if it complies with the state laws where it was executed. It is the burden of the person making the request to demonstrate that a durable POA is valid and in effect under the applicable state law.

If the person providing signatory authority under the POA is also acting as the incapacitated benefit requestor’s attorney or authorized representative for purposes of appearing before DHS, the person must submit a Notice of Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Accredited Representative (Form G-28), and meet other regulatory requirements.[18]

3. Authorized Signers for Corporations or Other Legal Entities[19]

Under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), corporations and other legal entities, such as limited partnerships (LP), professional corporations (PC or P.C.), limited liability companies (LLC), or limited liability partnerships (LLP), may file certain requests with USCIS. Such a filing may include a request to classify a noncitizen as an immigrant or nonimmigrant under a specific employment-based category, for example.

Benefit requests filed with USCIS by such legal entities may only be signed by a person with the authority to sign on behalf of the petitioning entity. Authorized persons may include, but are not limited to:

  • An executive officer of a corporation or P.C. with authority to act on behalf of the corporate entity and legally bind and commit the corporate entity in all matters (for example, chief executive officer, president, or vice president);

  • A managing partner or managing member of an LLC or LLP;

  • A duly authorized partner of a partnership;

  • An attorney employed in an employer-employee relationship by a corporation or other legal entity as its legal representative, or as a legal representative by the corporation or other legal entity’s legal department in an employer-employee relationship (for example, in-house counsel, or other attorney employees or contractors);

  • A person employed within the entity’s human resources, human capital, employee relations, personnel, or similar department who is authorized to sign legal documents on behalf of the entity;

  • An executor or administrator of an estate;

  • A trustee of a trust or a duly appointed conservator; or

  • Any other employee[20] of the entity who has the authority to legally bind and commit the entity to the terms and conditions attached to the specific request and attestations made in the request.

A sole proprietor is the only person authorized to sign a request filed on behalf of a sole proprietorship.

In all cases involving authorized signers for corporations or other legal entities, the benefit request must contain a statement by the person signing the request, affirming that:

  • He or she has the legal authority to file the request on the petitioning employer’s behalf;

  • The employer is aware of all of the facts stated in the request; and

  • Such factual statements are complete, true, and correct.

If such affirmation if the form itself, a signature by the person filing the form may be sufficient to meet this requirement. If the affirmation specified above is not contained in the form, the authorized signer must provide a separate statement affirming that he or she has the authority to legally bind the corporation or other legal entity.

If USCIS has reason to doubt a person’s authority to sign or act on behalf of a corporation or other legal entity, USCIS may request evidence that demonstrates the person has the requisite legal authority to sign the request. Such requested evidence may include, but is not limited to:

  • Bylaws;

  • Articles of organization;

  • A letter reflecting delegation of such authority from a corporate officer or board member;

  • Board of director’s minutes reflecting the grant or the board’s approval of such authority being exercised by the person in question; or

  • A similar document that indicates the employee may legally bind the corporation or other legal entity with his or her signature.                 

D. Clarification Regarding Form G-28

An attorney or accredited representative may sign and submit a Notice of Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Accredited Representative (Form G-28) to certify that the person, corporation, or other legal entity named in the Form G-28 has authorized the attorney or representative to act on the person’s or legal entity’s behalf in front of Department of Homeland Security (DHS). However, a Form G-28 by itself does not authorize a representative to sign a request or other document on behalf of a person or legal entity. Further, an attorney or representative may not use a POA to sign a Form G-28 on behalf of a person or legal entity to authorize his or her own appearance.

Footnotes


[^ 1] Except as specifically authorized in the regulations, this guidance, or in the respective form instructions, an applicant, petitioner, or requestor must personally sign his or her own request before filing it with USCIS.

[^ 2] See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(2). The term “request” refers to any written request for an immigration benefit, service, or request for action, whether the request is submitted on an Office of Management and Budget-approved form or is an informal written request submitted to USCIS. The term also includes any form supplements and any other materials that require the signature of the requestor. An example of an exception to this requirement is for naturalization applications where a designated representative may sign an application on behalf of an applicant who otherwise qualifies for an oath waiver under INA 337(a) because of a physical or developmental disability or mental impairment. For more information, see Volume 12, Citizenship and Naturalization, Part J, Oath of Allegiance, Chapter 3, Oath of Allegiance Modifications and Waivers, Section C, Waiver of the Oath [12 USCIS-PM J.3(C)].

[^ 3] See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(7).

[^ 4] Unless otherwise specified, the term “person” as used in the Policy Manual refers to a natural person.

[^ 5] A rejection of a filing with USCIS may not be appealed, see 8 CFR 103.2(a)(7)(iii).

[^ 6] See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(2).

[^ 7] Must contain evidence (such as a physician's statement) indicating that the durable POA is in effect as a result of the person's disability.

[^ 8] For benefit requests filed electronically as permitted by form instructions, USCIS accepts signatures in an electronic format. Benefit requestors must follow the instructions provided to properly sign electronically, see 8 CFR 103.2(a)(2).

[^ 9] In certain instances, a stamped signature may be allowed as provided by the form instructions. For example, a health department physician who is acting as a blanket-designated civil surgeon and submitting a vaccination assessment for a refugee adjusting status on the Report of Immigration Medical Examination and Vaccination Record (Form I-693) may provide an original (handwritten) or stamped signature, as long as it is the signature of the health department physician. See Form I-693 instructions (PDF, 453.66 KB). See Volume 8, Admissibility, Part B, Health-Related Grounds of Inadmissibility, Chapter 4, Review of Medical Examination Documentation, Section C, Documentation Completed by Civil Surgeon, Subsection 3, Signatures [8 USCIS-PM B.4(C)(3)]. For benefit requests filed electronically as permitted by form instructions, USCIS accepts signatures in an electronic format. Benefit requestors must follow the instructions provided to properly sign electronically, see 8 CFR 103.2(a)(2).

[^ 10] See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(2).

[^ 11] This Part does not address agents who are filing as a petitioner on behalf of a corporation or other legal entity seeking an H, O, or P nonimmigrant worker, as provided in 8 CFR 214.2(h)(2)(i)(F), 8 CFR 214.2(h)(5)(i)(A), 8 CFR 214.2(h)(6)(iii)(B), 8 CFR 214.2(o)(2)(i), 8 CFR 214.2(o)(2)(iv)(E), 8 CFR 214.2(p)(2)(i), and 8 CFR 214.2(p)(2)(iv)(E). See the governing regulations and Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker (Form I-129) instructions for more information on the applicable signature requirements for these particular nonimmigrant categories.

[^ 12] See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(2).

[^ 13] If a legal guardian signs on behalf of a requestor, the legal guardian must submit evidence to establish legal guardianship.

[^ 14] See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(2).

[^ 15] Different jurisdictions may have different terms for legal guardians, including conservator, committee, tutor, or other titles designating a duly appointed surrogate.

[^ 16] See Volume 12, Citizenship and Naturalization, Part J, Oath of Allegiance, Chapter 3, Oath of Allegiance Modifications and Waivers, Section C, Waiver of the Oath, Subsection 2, Legal Guardian, Surrogate, or Designated Representative [12 USCIS-PM J.3(C)(2)].

[^ 17] This scenario specifically describes a “springing” durable POA (as distinguished from an “immediate” durable POA). See Black’s Law Dictionary, 2nd Ed. (“durable power of attorney”). Because USCIS only accepts durable POAs that are in effect as the result of an incapacitated adult’s disability, a valid durable POA accepted by USCIS would necessarily be springing.

[^ 18] See 8 CFR 292.

[^ 19] This section does not address agents who are permitted to act as a petitioner for a corporation or other legal entity seeking an H, O, or P nonimmigrant worker, as provided in 8 CFR 214.2(h)(2)(i)(F), (h)(5)(i)(A), (h)(6)(iii)(B), (o)(2)(i), (o)(2)(iv)(E), (p)(2)(i), or (p)(2)(iv)(E). See the particular nonimmigrant category’s regulations or the Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker (Form I-129) instructions for the requirements governing the scope of an agent’s authority in those contexts.

[^ 20] The person’s title or department within the corporation or other legal entity is not determinative.

Chapter 3 - Fees

ALERT: On Sept. 29, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California in Immigration Legal Resource Center et al., v. Wolf, et al., 20-cv-05883-JWS, preliminarily enjoined DHS from implementing or enforcing any part of the USCIS Fee Schedule and Changes to Certain Other Immigration Benefit Request Requirements rule (PDF).

On Sept. 29, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California in Immigration Legal Resource Center et al., v. Wolf, et al., 20-cv-05883-JWS, preliminarily enjoined DHS from implementing or enforcing any part of the USCIS Fee Schedule and Changes to Certain Other Immigration Benefit Request Requirements rule (PDF).

While the rule is preliminarily enjoined, we will continue to:
 

  • Accept USCIS forms with the current editions and current fees; and

  • Use the regulations and guidance currently in place to adjudicate applications and petitions. This includes accepting and adjudicating fee waiver requests as provided under Adjudicator's Field Manual (AFM) Chapters 10.9 (PDF, 2.55 MB) and 10.10 (PDF, 2.55 MB).

ALERT: The Federal District Court for the Northern District of California in Seattle v. DHS has enjoined DHS from requiring use of the 10/24/19 edition of Form I-912, Request for Fee Waiver, and from adjudicating fee waiver requests in accordance with the October 25, 2019 USCIS Policy Alert or the USCIS Policy Manual Volume 1: General Policies and Procedures, Part B, Submission of Benefit Requests, Chapter 3, Fees and Chapter 4, Fee Waivers that were issued on October 25, 2019 and took effect on December 2, 2019.

The Federal District Court for the Northern District of California in Seattle v. DHS has enjoined DHS from requiring use of the 10/24/19 edition of Form I-912, Request for Fee Waiver, and from adjudicating fee waiver requests in accordance with the October 25, 2019 USCIS Policy Alert or the USCIS Policy Manual Volume 1: General Policies and Procedures, Part B, Submission of Benefit Requests, Chapter 3, Fees and Chapter 4, Fee Waivers that were issued on October 25, 2019 and took effect on December 2, 2019.

DHS is also not requiring use of the 10/24/19 edition of Form I-912, Request for Fee Waiver, and will not apply the October 25, 2019 revisions to the USCIS Policy Manual Volume 1: General Policies and Procedures, Part B, Submission of Benefit Requests, Chapter 3, Fees and Chapter 4, Fee Waivers that took effect on December 2, 2019, or any of the other changes described by the October 25, 2019 USCIS Policy Alert (including supersession and rescission of the March 13, 2011 Policy Memorandum), pursuant to an order by the Federal District Court for the District of Columbia.

The 10/24/19 edition of the form and the provisions of Chapters 3 and 4 of the Policy Manual published on October 25, 2019 have been removed from the USCIS website. USCIS will accept the current 10/15/19 edition of Form I-912 and also accept prior editions or a written request. For applicable policies currently in effect, see Adjudicator's Field Manual (AFM) Chapters 10.9 (PDF, 2.55 MB) and 10.10 (PDF, 2.55 MB).

Chapter 4 - Fee Waivers

ALERT: On Sept. 29, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California in Immigration Legal Resource Center et al., v. Wolf, et al., 20-cv-05883-JWS, preliminarily enjoined DHS from implementing or enforcing any part of the USCIS Fee Schedule and Changes to Certain Other Immigration Benefit Request Requirements rule (PDF).

On Sept. 29, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California in Immigration Legal Resource Center et al., v. Wolf, et al., 20-cv-05883-JWS, preliminarily enjoined DHS from implementing or enforcing any part of the USCIS Fee Schedule and Changes to Certain Other Immigration Benefit Request Requirements rule (PDF).

While the rule is preliminarily enjoined, we will continue to:
 

  • Accept USCIS forms with the current editions and current fees; and

  • Use the regulations and guidance currently in place to adjudicate applications and petitions. This includes accepting and adjudicating fee waiver requests as provided under Adjudicator's Field Manual (AFM) Chapters 10.9 (PDF, 2.55 MB) and 10.10 (PDF, 2.55 MB).

ALERT: The Federal District Court for the Northern District of California in Seattle v. DHS has enjoined DHS from requiring use of the 10/24/19 edition of Form I-912, Request for Fee Waiver, and from adjudicating fee waiver requests in accordance with the October 25, 2019 USCIS Policy Alert or the USCIS Policy Manual Volume 1: General Policies and Procedures, Part B, Submission of Benefit Requests, Chapter 3, Fees and Chapter 4, Fee Waivers that were issued on October 25, 2019 and took effect on December 2, 2019.

The Federal District Court for the Northern District of California in Seattle v. DHS has enjoined DHS from requiring use of the 10/24/19 edition of Form I-912, Request for Fee Waiver, and from adjudicating fee waiver requests in accordance with the October 25, 2019 USCIS Policy Alert or the USCIS Policy Manual Volume 1: General Policies and Procedures, Part B, Submission of Benefit Requests, Chapter 3, Fees and Chapter 4, Fee Waivers that were issued on October 25, 2019 and took effect on December 2, 2019.

DHS is also not requiring use of the 10/24/19 edition of Form I-912, Request for Fee Waiver, and will not apply the October 25, 2019 revisions to the USCIS Policy Manual Volume 1: General Policies and Procedures, Part B, Submission of Benefit Requests, Chapter 3, Fees and Chapter 4, Fee Waivers that took effect on December 2, 2019, or any of the other changes described by the October 25, 2019 USCIS Policy Alert (including supersession and rescission of the March 13, 2011 Policy Memorandum), pursuant to an order by the Federal District Court for the District of Columbia.

The 10/24/19 edition of the form and the provisions of Chapters 3 and 4 of the Policy Manual published on October 25, 2019 have been removed from the USCIS website. USCIS will accept the current 10/15/19 edition of Form I-912 and also accept prior editions or a written request. For applicable policies currently in effect, see Adjudicator's Field Manual (AFM) Chapters 10.9 (PDF, 2.55 MB) and 10.10 (PDF, 2.55 MB).

Chapter 5 - Interpreters and Preparers

If an interpreter assists the benefit requestor in reading the instructions and questions on a benefit request, the interpreter must provide his or her contact information, sign, and date the benefit request in the section indicated.

If a preparer assists the benefit requestor in completing his or her benefit request, the preparer and any other person who assisted in completing the benefit request must provide their contact information, sign, and date the benefit request in the section indicated.

If the person who helped interpret or prepare the benefit request is an attorney or accredited representative, he or she must determine if the level of involvement and rules of professional responsibility require him or her to submit a signed and completed Notice of Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Accredited Representative (Form G-28) with the benefit request. If the person intends to represent the benefit requestor before USCIS, he or she must submit a completed Form G-28. The attorney or accredited representative of the benefit requestor cannot serve as an interpreter during the interview.[1] 

Footnote


[^ 1] Officers cannot make exceptions for good cause.

Chapter 6 - Submitting Requests

A. How to Submit

1. Traditional Mail

Benefit requestors may use traditional mail to file benefit requests involving fees with a USCIS Lockbox.[1] Benefit requestors should refer to the form instructions and USCIS website for more information on where and how to submit a particular benefit request, and what initial evidence is expected.[2]

Assembling and Submitting Application Package

USCIS recommends that benefit requesters assemble their benefit request packages in the order indicated for that particular benefit.[3]

Application Intake Inquiries

Requestors who have questions or concerns about the intake of a benefit request should route their inquiries as indicated on the USCIS Contact Us webpage. 

2. Electronic Submission

Some USCIS forms are available for submission online. Filing online allows users to: 

  • Set up and manage accounts;

  • Submit benefit requests and supporting documents electronically;

  • Manage and link paper-filed benefits with an online account;

  • Receive and respond to notices and decisions electronically;

  • Make payments online; and

  • Access real-time information about the status of cases.

Information entered electronically in anticipation of filing online is saved for 30 days from the last time a person worked on the request. USCIS cannot accept the benefit request until the person completes the electronic submission process.

If a benefit requestor files a benefit request online, USCIS notifies the person electronically of any notices or decisions. In general, USCIS does not issue paper notices or decisions for electronically-filed benefit requests. However, an online filer may request that USCIS mail paper notices. USCIS may also, in its discretion, decide to issue a paper notice.[4]

B. Intake Processing

Once USCIS receives a benefit request, including an appeal or motion, USCIS assesses whether the request meets the minimum requirements for USCIS to accept it. If all minimum requirements (including submission of initial evidence for intake purposes) for acceptance are not met, USCIS rejects the benefit request for improper filing.[5]

USCIS only begins to adjudicate a benefit request after USCIS accepts the request, processes any required fees, and issues a receipt notice (or date stamp, where applicable) to reflect the date of physical or electronic receipt.[6] USCIS does not consider benefit requests that are rejected to be properly filed.[7]

In order for USCIS to accept a benefit request, a submission must satisfy all applicable acceptance criteria.[8] USCIS generally accepts the request if it contains: 

  • A complete, properly executed form, with a proper signature;

  • The correct fees;[9] and

  • The required initial evidence for intake purposes, as directed by the form instructions.[10]

USCIS rejects benefit requests that do not meet these minimum requirements. Reasons for rejection may include, but are not limited to:

  • Incomplete benefit request;[11]

  • Improper signature or no signature;[12]

  • Use of an outdated version of a USCIS form at time of submission;

  • Principal application error (USCIS cannot process derivative or dependent applications if the related principal application is in error); and

  • Incorrect fee, including missing fees or fees in the wrong amount.[13]

In addition, USCIS rejects benefit requests for an immigrant visa if an immigrant visa is not immediately available to the applicant.[14]

The rejection of a filing with USCIS may not be appealed.[15] However, rejections do not preclude a benefit requestor from resubmitting a corrected benefit request. If the benefit requestor later resubmits a previously rejected, corrected benefit request, USCIS processes the case anew, without prejudice.[16] The rejected case does not retain its original receipt date when resubmitted. 

USCIS requires new fees with any new benefit request; a new filing date also generally applies.[17] 

Effect of Returned Payment

If, subsequent to receipting, a check or other financial instrument submitted for payment is returned as not payable, USCIS re-submits the payment to the remitter institution one time. If the instrument used to pay the fee is returned as non-payable a second time, USCIS rejects the benefit request as improperly filed and the receipt date is forfeited. USCIS assesses a $30 returned check fee and pursues collection using administrative debt collection procedures. A rejection of a filing with USCIS may not be appealed.[18]

Returned Payment for an Underlying Petition

If a dishonored payment rejection occurs on an underlying petition that is accompanied by other filings that are dependent on the filing that is rejected, such as an Immigrant Petition for an Alien Worker (Form I-140) concurrently filed with an Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status (Form I-485), even though the other filings’ fees may be honored, USCIS administratively closes the dependent filings and refunds the fees. 

Returned Payment for Premium Processing Service Requests

If a premium processing fee for a Request for Premium Processing Service (Form I-907) is dishonored when it is filed at the same time as a Petition for Nonimmigrant Worker (Form I-129) or Immigrant Petition for Alien Workers (Form I-140), USCIS rejects the entire filing.

If USCIS has approved the petition and any fee, including one fee of a multiple fee filing, is dishonored, USCIS may revoke the approval. In this case, USCIS issues a Notice of Intent to Revoke (NOIR) to the requestor. If the requestor does not rectify the dishonored payment within the requisite NOIR time period, USCIS revokes the approval and retains (and does not refund) any fee that was honored in association with the approval.

For example, if the Form I-907 fee is dishonored after USCIS approves an associated Form I-140, USCIS revokes the Form I-140 approval (assuming the NOIR time period has passed without sufficient response). USCIS then retains the Form I-140 fee, administratively closes the Form I-485, and refunds the Form I-485 fee.

Response to a NOIR

If the benefit request was approved by USCIS, the approval may be revoked upon notice.[19] If the approved benefit request requires multiple fees, approval may be revoked if any fee submitted is not honored. USCIS may retain (and not refund) other fees that were paid for a benefit request that is revoked because of a dishonored fee payment.

To sufficiently respond to a NOIR, the requestor must demonstrate that the payment was honored or that it was rejected by USCIS by mistake.[20] If USCIS issues a NOIR and the request does not return sufficient evidence to reinstate the case to pending status, then USCIS reopens and denies the request. USCIS then sends a notice to the applicant informing him or her that USCIS has revoked the approval and denied the benefit request. In contrast with the rejection of a filing, a revocation of an approval due to a dishonored fee may be appealed to the USCIS Administrative Appeals Office.[21] All revocation notices instruct the requestor on how they may appeal the revocation or denial due to a dishonored payment.[22]

If USCIS does not have the authority to revoke or reopen and deny the benefit request, USCIS annotates the file to indicate that USCIS never received payment and notifies the benefit requestor of the payment deficiency. USCIS then notifies the applicant or petitioner that there is a payment deficiency. The officer should also request local counsel assess the applicant’s actions and intentions and assist in determining the appropriate next steps on a per case basis.  

If USCIS already denied or revoked the benefit request for other reasons, or determined that the requestor abandoned the benefit request, the existence of a dishonored payment does not affect that decision. USCIS pursues collection of all payment deficiencies, regardless of the outcome of adjudication.

C. Date of Receipt

USCIS considers a benefit request “received” on the date it is physically or electronically received. This date is also known as the submission or filing date,[23] and is listed on the receipt notice, or the date stamp (where applicable), issued by USCIS. Requestors may only obtain a date of receipt or filing date if their submission is accepted at the proper location, as designated on the USCIS website. USCIS does not assign a date of receipt or filing date to benefit requests that are rejected.[24]

The date of receipt may impact eligibility for immigration benefits. For example, USCIS uses the date of receipt to determine whether an appeal, Application for Temporary Protected Status (Form I-821), or Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker (Form I-129) should be rejected for failure to timely file or because an annual numerical limit has been reached.

The date of receipt may also be significant for purposes of seeking lawful permanent residence; the filing date is referred to as the priority date for an approved immigrant visa petition in certain preference categories.[25] For approved petitions in preference categories that are not current, the priority date dictates how soon the beneficiary may file for permanent residence. Similarly, the filing date establishes the statutory period for various benefits, including naturalization.

D. Filing Periods Ending on Weekends or Federal Holidays

Benefit requestors must file a benefit request within the period for filing, if applicable, as prescribed by statute, regulation, and form instructions. This includes filing with USCIS before a certain time period ends or event occurs, such as before a period of lawful status ends or an individual reaches a certain age. For example, petitioners for special immigrant juvenile classification must file a Petition for Amerasian, Widow(er), or Special Immigrant (Form I-360) before their 21st birthday.[26] As another example, principal refugees and asylees seeking to request follow-to-join immigration benefits for qualifying family members must file a Refugee/Asylee Relative Petition (Form I-730) for each member within 2 years of the refugee’s admission to the United States as a refugee or the asylee’s grant of asylum.[27]

USCIS does not accept paper-based applications or petitions on Saturdays, Sundays, or federal holidays.[28] Therefore, when the last day of the filing period for a paper benefit request falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or federal holiday, USCIS applies the regulatory definition of day[29] and extends the deadline for filing until the end of the next business day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or federal holiday.[30] In these situations, while the receipt date will continue to reflect the date USCIS physically received the request, USCIS considers the benefit request to have been timely filed.[31]

The determination of whether a benefit request was timely submitted is not a criterion for acceptance; rather, it is part of the eligibility determination for the benefit request that an officer makes at the time of adjudication. Therefore, USCIS does not reject filings at intake due to missed deadlines.

USCIS considers electronically submitted benefit requests to be received immediately upon submission. Therefore, electronic filings are not affected by the fact that USCIS does not accept deliveries on Saturdays, Sundays, or federal holidays, and USCIS does not apply the regulatory definition of day to extend the filing period for benefit requests filed electronically.[32]

Footnotes


[^ 1] Registration for Classification as a Refugee (Form I-590) must be completed with the assistance of the Resettlement Support Center (RSC) staff overseas after a referral to the U.S. Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP), and cannot be completed independently by a benefit requestor. As such, any information in this section regarding submitting or filing a benefit request does not apply to Form I-590. For more information, see the Refugees USCIS web page.

[^ 2] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(8)(ii). A benefit requestor may need to provide additional evidence to establish eligibility for the benefit sought at the time of an interview or in response to a Request for Evidence (RFE).

[^ 3] For tips on filing applications with USCIS, see General Tips on Assembling Applications for Mailing and Lockbox Facility Filing Tips.  

[^ 4] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(19)(ii)(B).

[^ 5] See 8 CFR 103.2.

[^ 6] See Section C, Date of Receipt [1 USCIS-PM B.6(C)].

[^ 7] See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(7).

[^ 8] See 8 CFR 103.2(a). Other regulations in Title 8 of the CFR may impose filing requirements specific to the request type.

[^ 9] See 8 CFR 103.7(a)(1). For information on fee waivers, see Request for Fee Waiver (Form I-912). For information on reduced fees, see Request for Reduced Fee (Form I-942).

[^ 10] For example, family-based or employment-based adjustment of status categories where an Affidavit of Support (Form I-864), if required, is submitted with the Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status (Form I-485).

[^ 11] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(1). Each benefit request must be properly completed and filed with all initial evidence required by applicable regulations and other USCIS instructions. Benefit requestors can determine which fields are required based on the form type and form instructions.

[^ 12] See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(2).

[^ 13] See 8 CFR 103.2(a). See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(1) (for location), 8 CFR 103.2(a)(7)(i) (for filing fee and signature), and 8 CFR 245.2(a)(2)(i) (available visas).

[^ 14] For more information, see Volume 7, Adjustment of Status, Part A, Adjustment of Status Policies and Procedures, Chapter 3, Filing Instructions, Section B, Definition of Properly Filed, Subsection 4, Visa Availability Requirement [7 USCIS-PM A.3(B)(4)].

[^ 15] See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(7)(iii).

[^ 16] USCIS treats the benefit request as if the requestor had not previously submitted it.

[^ 17] Some exceptions may apply. For example, see Volume 7, Adjustment of Status, Part A, Adjustment of Status Policies and Procedures, Chapter 6, Adjudicative Review, Section C, Verify Visa Availability, Subsection 3, Priority dates [7 USCIS-PM A.6(C)(3)]. See 8 CFR 204.2(h).

[^ 18] See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(7)(iii).

[^ 19] See 8 CFR 205.2.

[^ 20] Otherwise, USCIS considers the requestor to have failed to file the required fees. See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(1).

[^ 21] In accordance with 8 CFR 103.3 and the applicable form instructions.

[^ 22] See 8 CFR 103.3.

[^ 23] The Registration for Classification as Refugee (Form I-590 (PDF, 691.55 KB)) is deemed filed on the date of interview with the USCIS refugee officer. USCIS does not apply a date stamp and does not issue a receipt notice.

[^ 24] See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(7)(ii).

[^ 25] For more information, see Volume 7, Adjustment of Status, Part A, Adjustment of Status Policies and Procedures, Chapter 6, Adjudicative Review, Section C, Verify Visa Availability, Subsection 3, Priority Dates [7 USCIS-PM A.6(C)(3)] and the USCIS’ webpage on Visa Availability and Priority Dates.

[^ 26] See 8 CFR 204.11(b)(1).

[^ 27] See 8 CFR 207.7(d) and 8 CFR. 208.21(d).

[^ 28] See the U.S. Office of Personnel Management’s website for a list of federal holidays.

[^ 29] See 8 CFR 1.2 (“when computing the period of time for taking any action provided in this chapter including the taking of an appeal, shall include Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays, except that when the last day of the period computed falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or a legal holiday, the period shall run until the end of the next day which is not a Saturday, Sunday, or a legal holiday.”). For example, in the case of an individual who applies for adjustment of status on the basis of eligibility as a T or U nonimmigrant, if the last day before the expiration date of T or U nonimmigrant status occurs on a Saturday, Sunday, or federal holiday, the applicant has until the end of the next business day after the Saturday, Sunday, or federal holiday for USCIS to physically receive their properly filed and receipted application. See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(7)(ii) (properly filed and receipted), 8 CFR 245.24(b)(2)(ii) (pertaining to U nonimmigrant eligibility for adjustment of status) and 8 CFR 245.23(a)(2)(ii) (pertaining to T nonimmigrant eligibility for adjustment of status).

[^ 30] The definitions in 8 CFR 1.2 generally apply to all benefit requests in 8 CFR Chapter I unless the statutes or regulations for the specific benefit request contain provisions that supersede those definitions. Certain immigration benefits, such as asylum applications, are governed by different regulations and procedures regarding Requests for Evidence, Notices of Intent to Deny, denials, and terminations. Therefore, the guidance in this Part does not apply to those immigration benefits governed by different regulations. For example, 8 CFR 1.2 does not apply to calculating the 1-year filing deadline for asylum, because it is superseded by 8 CFR 208.4(a)(2).

[^ 31] As provided under 8 CFR 103.2(a)(7)(i).

[^ 32] Regulations at 8 CFR 103.2(a)(7)(i) state, “USCIS will consider a benefit request received and will record the receipt date as of the actual date of receipt at the location designated for filing such benefit request whether electronically or in paper format.” In addition, see Volume 1, General Policies and Procedures, Part B, Submission of Benefit Requests, Chapter 6, Submitting Requests, Section A, How to Submit [1 USCIS PM B.6(A)].

Part C - Biometrics Collection and Security Checks

In May 2020, USCIS retired its Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM), a collection of our immigration policies and procedures.

In May 2020, USCIS retired its Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM), a collection of our immigration policies and procedures. We are working quickly to update and incorporate all of the AFM content into the USCIS Policy Manual, the agency’s centralized online repository for immigration policies. Until then, we have moved any remaining AFM content to its corresponding Policy Manual Part. To the extent that a provision in the Policy Manual conflicts with remaining AFM content or Policy Memoranda, the updated information in the Policy Manual prevails. If you have questions or concerns about any discrepancies among these resources, contact PolicyFeedback@uscis.dhs.gov.

AFM Chapter 10 - An Overview of the Adjudication Process (External) (PDF, 2.55 MB)

Chapter 1 - Purpose and Background

A. Purpose

As part of its administration of immigration benefits, USCIS has the general authority to require and collect biometrics, which include fingerprints, photographs, and digital signatures, from any person[1] seeking any immigration or naturalization benefit or request.[2]

B. Background

Biometrics collection allows USCIS to verify a person’s identity, produce secure documents, and facilitate required criminal and national security background checks to protect national security and public safety, as well as to ensure that the person is eligible for the benefit sought. Biometrics collection and security checks enhance national security and protect the integrity of the immigration process by ensuring that USCIS only grants benefits to eligible requestors.

In addition, depending on the particular application, petition, or request filed, USCIS conducts security checks, which may include conducting fingerprint-based background checks, requesting a name check from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and other DHS or inter-agency security checks.

USCIS promotes national security and public safety by conducting screening and vetting in all immigration programs. Screening and vetting standards include those needed for identity verification, which is crucial to protect against fraud and help USCIS determine if a person is eligible to receive an immigration benefit. Historically, USCIS collected biometrics (including photographs) for background and security checks. Presently, biometrics are also stored and used to verify a person’s identity in subsequent encounters with DHS.

C. Legal Authorities

Footnotes


[^ 1] The term person includes any applicant, petitioner, beneficiary, sponsor, derivative, requestor, or person filing or associated with a benefit request.

[^ 2] The term biometrics refers to “the measurable biological (anatomical and physiological) or behavioral characteristics of a natural person, including the person’s fingerprints, photograph, or signature.”

Chapter 2 - Biometrics Collection

A. Biometric Services Appointments

After a person files an application, petition, or other benefit request, USCIS may schedule a biometric services appointment at a local Application Support Center (ASC).[1] The appointment notice indicates the date, time, and location of the appointment. The person submitting biometrics should bring the appointment notice and valid, unexpired photo identification (for example, Permanent Resident Card (Form I-551), passport, or driver’s license), or other identity documentation[2] as authorized by USCIS to the appointment.

USCIS considers a person to have abandoned an application, petition, or request if the person fails to appear for the biometric services appointment unless, by the appointment time, USCIS receives a change of address or rescheduling request that it concludes warrants excusing the failure to appear.[3] 

1. Timely Requests to Reschedule

Benefit requestors[4] who need to reschedule a biometric services appointment should follow the instructions provided in the appointment notice. USCIS only accepts rescheduling requests made through a myUSCIS online account or to the USCIS Contact Center and does not accept requests to reschedule submitted by mail or in person at a USCIS office.[5]

An authorized representative with a properly filed Notice of Entry of Appearance as Attorney or Accredited Representative (Form G-28) may also request to reschedule an appointment on behalf of their client through a myUSCIS online account or the USCIS Contact Center.

Any person required to appear for a biometric services appointment may, before the scheduled date and time, request that USCIS reschedule the appointment for good cause.[6] For the purposes of determining whether to grant a biometric services appointment reschedule request, good cause exists when the benefit requestor provides a sufficient reason for their inability to appear on the scheduled date.

Sufficient reasons may include, but are not limited to:

  • Illness, medical appointment, or hospitalization;

  • Previously planned travel;

  • Significant life events such as a wedding, funeral, or graduation ceremony;

  • Inability to obtain transportation to the appointment location;

  • Inability to obtain leave from employment or caregiver responsibilities; and

  • Late delivered or undelivered biometric services appointment notice.[7]

2. Missed Biometric Services Appointments[8]

In accordance with regulations, USCIS considers a benefit request abandoned and denied[9] if the benefit requestor fails to appear for a biometric services appointment unless, by the appointment time, USCIS receives a notice of a change of address or a request to reschedule the appointment that USCIS concludes warrants excusing the failure to appear.[10]

Applicants who have filed an Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal (Form I-589) who fail to comply with fingerprint processing without good cause will not have their applications denied for abandonment. Instead, USCIS may dismiss[11] the asylum application if the applicant is in lawful immigration status or paroled, or refer the application to an immigration judge if the applicant is not in lawful immigration status or paroled.

Timely Notice of Change of Address

Before USCIS denies a benefit request for abandonment, USCIS reviews the record of proceeding and relevant systems for evidence of a notice of a change of address.[12] USCIS reschedules the biometric services appointment when a change of address is received by the appointment time.

Timely Request to Reschedule

Before denying for abandonment, USCIS reviews the record of proceeding and relevant systems for reschedule requests. USCIS reschedules the biometric services appointment when the benefit requestor submits, by the appointment time, a request to reschedule and provides a sufficient reason for the inability to appear.[13]

Untimely Request to Reschedule

A benefit request is considered abandoned and is denied when a requestor fails to appear for a biometric services appointment and USCIS has not received a rescheduling request by the appointment time.[14] However, notwithstanding the regulation and based on case law, agencies have some latitude to relax procedural rules adopted for the orderly transaction of business if justice so requires under the circumstances.[15]

Therefore, when a benefit requestor submits a request to reschedule the appointment after the appointment date has passed, and if the benefit request remains pending, USCIS may, in its discretion and based on the applicant’s circumstances, consider whether the benefit request has been abandoned. In considering abandonment and whether the officer should exercise discretion to reschedule based on the applicant’s circumstances, USCIS reviews such factors as:

  • The length of time between the missed appointment and the reschedule request;

  • Whether the benefit requestor has a sufficient reason[16] for failing to appear; and

  • Whether a denial would cause undue hardship or expense.

USCIS only accepts untimely rescheduling requests made to the USCIS Contact Center and does not accept untimely requests to reschedule by mail or in person at a USCIS office or through the myUSCIS online rescheduling tool.

No Evidence of Change of Address or Request to Reschedule

USCIS considers a benefit request abandoned if the requestor fails to appear for a biometric services appointment and there is no evidence of a change of address or a request to reschedule.[17]

When USCIS denies an application for abandonment, USCIS notifies the requestor and the authorized representative, as appropriate, of the decision in writing.[18] The priority or processing date of an abandoned benefit request may not be applied to a later benefit request.[19]

B. Mobile Biometrics Collection

USCIS may provide domestic mobile biometric services for those with a disability or health reason that prevents them from appearing in person at an ASC.[20] In other very limited circumstances, USCIS may in its sole discretion provide domestic mobile biometric services for those who are unable to attend scheduled ASC appointments in person.[21]

Mobile biometrics collection refers to a service USCIS provides in which the agency collects biometrics (for example, fingerprints, photographs, etc.) from persons with pending benefit requests, at pre-determined locations outside of an ASC. Mobile biometrics collection is typically performed by USCIS employees or contractors.[22] USCIS has discretion to conduct mobile biometrics collection.[23]

Remote Locations

USCIS may, in its sole discretion and on a case-by-case basis, provide mobile biometrics collection services to those residing in remote locations within the United States who are unable to attend scheduled ASC appointments in person.[24]

If USCIS determines that it is unable to provide mobile biometrics collection services due to a person’s remote location, USCIS may, in its discretion and on a case-by-case basis, coordinate with local law enforcement agencies (LEA) or other DHS components to collect biometrics on behalf of USCIS.

In this case, USCIS directly provides a fingerprint card (Form FD-258)[25] to the LEA or other DHS component and requires the LEA or DHS component to verify the applicant or petitioner’s identity and complete an attestation to accompany the fingerprint cards. The attestation ensures that the fingerprint card’s chain of custody remains with the LEA or DHS component from the time the biometrics are collected until it is returned to USCIS. The fingerprint card must never leave the presence of the LEA or DHS component that is responsible for collecting the fingerprints until it is provided to the carrier service to be returned to USCIS.

Persons in Custody

USCIS does not grant requests to collect biometrics from persons in custody at correctional institutions. USCIS officers and contract staff therefore do not travel to jails, prisons, or similar non-DHS detention facilities to perform biometric collections for any detained or incarcerated persons (including applicants, petitioners, beneficiaries, derivatives, sponsors, or other requestors, regardless of their immigration status or country of citizenship). In the case of an incarcerated person, USCIS officers must continue to follow all applicable regulations and procedures in issuing ASC notices to those whose appearance is required for biometrics collection. Per intradepartmental agreement, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Enforcement and Removal Operations is responsible for completing background and security checks for those who are incarcerated at DHS facilities and applying for benefits with USCIS.

USCIS generally does not approve requests to reschedule a biometrics appointment for reason of detention or incarceration. The person must follow the procedures listed in the biometrics appointment notice to request their appointment be rescheduled.[26]

C. Fingerprint Waivers

A person may qualify for a waiver of the fingerprint requirement if he or she is unable to provide fingerprints because of a medical condition,[27] including but not limited to disability, birth defects, physical deformities, skin conditions, and psychiatric conditions.[28] Only certain USCIS employees are authorized to grant a fingerprint waiver.

A USCIS employee responsible for overseeing a person’s fingerprinting may grant the waiver if all of the following requirements are met:

  • The applicant, petitioner, beneficiary, sponsor, derivative, requestor, or individual person filing or associated with a benefit request appeared in person for the biometrics collection;

  • ​The officer or authorized technician attempted to fingerprint the person (or determined that such an attempt was impossible); and

  • ​The officer determines that the person is unable to be fingerprinted at all or is unable to provide a single legible fingerprint.

A USCIS employee should not grant a waiver if the waiver is solely based on the following situations:

  • The person has fewer than 10 fingers;

  • The officer considers the person’s fingerprints as unclassifiable; or

  • ​The person’s condition preventing the fingerprint collection is temporary.

If a fingerprint waiver is granted, the waiver is valid only for the particular application(s), petition(s), or benefit request(s) listed on the ASC notice for which biometrics are collected. The person must request a fingerprint waiver for each individual application, petition, or benefit request subsequently filed if the subsequent filing has a biometrics collection requirement.

A person who is granted a fingerprint waiver must bring local police clearance letters or other form-specific documentation[29] covering the relevant periods to the interview. All clearance letters become part of the record. In cases where the person is granted a fingerprint waiver or has two unclassifiable fingerprint results, USCIS must take a sworn statement from the person covering the relevant periods.

USCIS’ decision to deny a fingerprint waiver is final and may not be appealed.

D. Biometrics Collected [Partially Reserved]

[Partially Reserved]

1. Fingerprints [Reserved]

[Reserved]

2. Photographs

USCIS imbeds a photograph when creating secure documents as a security feature.[30] There are instances where USCIS requires a photograph be submitted with an application, petition, or request in order to create a secure document and the application, petition, or request does not have an associated biometrics collection requirement.[31] Where the applicant, petitioner, or requestor fails to submit a photograph at time of filing, USCIS may issue a Request for Evidence.

3. Signatures [Reserved]

[Reserved]

Footnotes


[^ 1] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(9). For benefit requestors residing outside of the United States, USCIS may schedule biometrics collection at a USCIS office abroad, at a U.S. embassy or consulate, or at a U.S. military installation abroad. See 8 CFR 103.16. An exception to the requirement to collect new biometrics exists in the case of military naturalization. For military naturalization cases, a biometric background check must be performed, but USCIS may use previously collected fingerprints from a different immigration filing or may use fingerprints collected as part of enlistment processing to perform the check. For more information relating to biometrics collection for military members, see Volume 12, Citizenship and Naturalization, Part I, Military Members and their Families, Chapter 6, Required Background Checks, Section C, Ways Service Members may Meet Fingerprint Requirement [12 USCIS-PM I.6(C)].

[^ 2] Some noncitizens classified as special immigrant juvenile (SIJs) may not have government-issued photo identification. In this situation, USCIS may accept as evidence of identity a court-issued order citing the SIJ as the subject of the order, or official documentation issued by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) for unaccompanied children who are or have been in the custody of HHS. For more information on how to prepare for a biometric services appointment, see the Preparing for Your Biometric Services Appointment webpage.

[^ 3] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(13)(ii).

[^ 4] For purposes of this Policy Manual part, the term requestor means any applicant, petitioner, sponsor, beneficiary, or individual filing a benefit request. See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(9).

[^ 5] For more information on rescheduling a biometric services appointment, see the Preparing for Your Biometric Services Appointment webpage.

[^ 6] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(9)(ii). A benefit requestor may also appear at the ASC before the scheduled date or withdraw the benefit request. See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(9)(i) and 8 CFR 103.2(b)(9)(iii).

[^ 7] Benefit requestors may become aware of an undelivered biometric services appointment notice through their myUSCIS account or USCIS’ Case Status Online tool.

[^ 8] This subsection does not apply to applicants who have filed an Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal (Form I-589). See instead 8 CFR 208.10 (Failure to comply with fingerprint processing without good cause may result in dismissal of the application. Failure to appear at the fingerprint appointment will be excused if the applicant demonstrates that such failure was the result of exceptional circumstances.).

[^ 9] See Part E, Adjudications, Chapter 9, Rendering a Decision, Section B, Denials, Subsection 2, Abandonment Denials [1 USCIS-PM E.9(B)(2)].

[^ 10] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(13)(ii).

[^ 11] See 8 CFR 208.10.

[^ 12] Evidence of such notice may include written correspondence from the benefit requestor or authorized representative, notice of change of address to the USCIS Contact Center, U.S. Postal Service address correction services, or Alien’s Change of Address Card (Form AR-11). For more information, see the How to Change Your Address webpage.

[^ 13] For examples of what warrants excusing a failure to appear, see Subsection 1, Timely Requests to Reschedule [1 USCIS-PM C.2(A)(1)].

[^ 14] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(13)(ii).

[^ 15] While generally regulations must be followed by an agency as well as the regulated public, courts have allowed agencies some latitude to relax their procedural requirements in the interest of justice. See American Farm Lines v. Black Ball Freight Services, 397 U.S. 533, 539 (1970).

[^ 16] For examples of sufficient reasons, see Subsection 1, Timely Requests to Reschedule [1 USCIS-PM C.2(A)(1)].

[^ 17] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(13).

[^ 18] See 8 CFR 103.3(a)(1)(i). A denial due to abandonment may not be appealed, but an applicant or petitioner may file a motion to reopen. See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(15). A denial due to abandonment may only be reopened in limited circumstances. See 8 CFR 103.5(a)(2)(i)-(iii).

[^ 19] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(15).

[^ 20] The USCIS website provides a definition of the term accommodation; mobile biometrics is only one subset of accommodations. See the USCIS website for information on Disability Accommodations for the Public.

[^ 21] Please see the USCIS Contact Center webpage.

[^ 22] In some instances, USCIS may use other government agencies to perform remote biometrics collection. See Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 1998, Title I, Pub. L. 105-119 (PDF), 111 Stat. 2440, 2447-2448 (November 26, 1997); See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(9) and 8 CFR 103.16(a).

[^ 23] See 8 CFR 103.16 and 8 CFR 103.2(b).

[^ 24] To request mobile biometric services based on residing in a remote location, contact the USCIS Contact Center. To request mobile biometric services for reasons related to a disability or health, make your request online at Disability Accommodations for Appointments.

[^ 25] A Form FD-258 is card stock paper that records basic biographic information as well as both rolled and pressed fingerprints.

[^ 26] If the person is no longer in custody, he or she must also submit a change of address request on an Alien’s Change of Address Card (Form AR-11) for the appointment to be rescheduled at the new address.

[^ 27] The regulations at 8 CFR 204.3(c)(3) allow USCIS to waive the fingerprint requirement for prospective adoptive couples or additional adult members of the prospective adoptive parents’ household when it determines that such adult is “physically unable to be fingerprinted because of age or medical condition.” (Emphasis added.) As such, solely with respect to Petition to Classify Orphan as an Immediate Relative (Form I-600) and Application for Advance Processing of an Orphan Petition (Form I-600A) adjudications, USCIS must also consider whether the person is unable to be fingerprinted due to age in addition to medical condition.

[^ 28] The officer responsible for overseeing fingerprinting may request that a licensed mental health professional (that is, a psychologist, psychiatrist, or similar practitioner) or a licensed medical practitioner who has responsibility for the person’s care submit reasonable documentation in accordance with the procedure laid out in Part A, Public Services, Chapter 6, Disability Accommodation Requests [1 USCIS-PM-A.6].

[^ 29] For example, affidavits under 8 CFR 204.310(b) for an Application for Determination of Suitability to Adopt a Child from a Convention Country (Form I-800A) if the person is “physically unable to comply” with biometrics collection.

[^ 30] For example, Permanent Resident Card (Form I-551) and Employment Authorization Document (Form I-766).

[^ 31] See the relevant form instructions for more information.

Chapter 3 - Security Checks [Reserved]

Part D - Attorneys and Representatives

In May 2020, USCIS retired its Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM), a collection of our immigration policies and procedures.

In May 2020, USCIS retired its Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM), a collection of our immigration policies and procedures. We are working quickly to update and incorporate all of the AFM content into the USCIS Policy Manual, the agency’s centralized online repository for immigration policies. Until then, we have moved any remaining AFM content to its corresponding Policy Manual Part. To the extent that a provision in the Policy Manual conflicts with remaining AFM content or Policy Memoranda, the updated information in the Policy Manual prevails. If you have questions or concerns about any discrepancies among these resources, contact PolicyFeedback@uscis.dhs.gov.

AFM Chapter 12 - Attorneys and Other Representatives (External) (PDF, 397.6 KB)

Part E - Adjudications

In May 2020, USCIS retired its Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM), a collection of our immigration policies and procedures.

In May 2020, USCIS retired its Adjudicator’s Field Manual (AFM), a collection of our immigration policies and procedures. We are working quickly to update and incorporate all of the AFM content into the USCIS Policy Manual, the agency’s centralized online repository for immigration policies. Until then, we have moved any remaining AFM content to its corresponding Policy Manual Part. To the extent that a provision in the Policy Manual conflicts with remaining AFM content or Policy Memoranda, the updated information in the Policy Manual prevails. If you have questions or concerns about any discrepancies among these resources, contact PolicyFeedback@uscis.dhs.gov.

AFM Chapter 10 - An Overview of the Adjudication Process (External) (PDF, 2.55 MB)

AFM Chapter 11 - Evidence (External) (PDF, 189.21 KB)

AFM Chapter 15 - Interview Techniques (External) (PDF, 441.17 KB)

Chapter 1 - Purpose and Background

A. Purpose

In administering U.S. immigration laws, one of USCIS’ primary functions is to adjudicate immigration benefit requests.

Upon proper filing, each benefit request must be thoroughly reviewed to determine jurisdiction, presence of required supporting documentation, existence of related files, and eligibility.

This part provides general guidance on how USCIS adjudicates across the various types of benefit requests.[1] Variations in requirements and procedures may exist, depending on the benefit type, and are discussed in more detail in the program-specific parts of the Policy Manual.[2]

B. Background [Reserved]

[Reserved]

C. Legal Authorities

  • Homeland Security Act of 2002[3]

  • Federal Records Act of 1950, 44 U.S.C. 31, as amended – Records management by federal agencies

  • Privacy Act of 1974, 5 U.S.C. 552a, as amended[4] – Records maintained on individuals

  • Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552 – Public information; agency rules, opinions, orders, records, and proceedings

  • INA 103 – Powers and duties of the Secretary, Under Secretary, and Attorney General

  • 8 CFR 103.2 – Submission and adjudication of benefit requests 

  • INA 291 – Burden of proof upon alien

  • Delegation of Authority 0150.1 – Delegation to the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services

Footnotes


[^ 1] For purposes of this Policy Manual part, the term requestor means the person, organization, or business requesting an immigration benefit from USCIS. This may include an applicant or petitioner, depending on the request. The term benefit request means any application, petition, appeal, motion, or other request submitted to USCIS for adjudication.

[^ 2] Certain immigration benefit requests, such as asylum or refugee applications, are governed by different regulations and procedures. Therefore, the guidance in this chapter may not apply to these immigration benefits governed by different regulations. Officers should consult the corresponding Policy Manual part and procedures for program-specific guidance.

[^ 3] See Pub. L. 107–296 (PDF), 116 Stat. 2135 (November 25, 2002).

[^ 4] See Pub. L. 93-579 (PDF), 88 Stat. 1896 (December 31, 1974).

Chapter 2 - Record of Proceeding

A. Maintaining a Record of Proceeding

A record of proceeding is the organized, official material constituting the record of any application, petition, hearing, or other proceeding before USCIS. A record of proceeding is typically contained within an Alien Registration File (A-File) or other agency file or electronic case management system, or a hybrid paper and electronic file.[1]

B. A-Files

A-files are a series of records maintained on a person that document the person's immigration history. A-files are created when an application or petition for a long-term or permanent benefit is received, or when enforcement action is initiated.

A-files may exist in physical format, or they may be created in digital format in various electronic case management systems, or they may be a hybrid of both paper and electronic files.[2]

A-files are stored and maintained by Department of Homeland Security (DHS) for persons born less than 100 years ago. For persons born 100 years ago or more, A-files are transferred to and stored by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).

Footnotes


[^ 1] Information contained in a record of proceeding is protected by the Privacy Act. For more information on the Privacy Act and confidentiality provisions, see Part A, Public Services, Chapter 7, Privacy and Confidentiality, [1 USCIS-PM A.7].

[^ 2] Digitized A-files may exist in the Enterprise Document Management System (EDMS) or STACKS.

Chapter 3 - Jurisdiction

A. Coordination in Cases Involving Removal Proceedings

In some cases, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) may notify USCIS of an application or petition pending with USCIS for a person in removal proceedings that must be timely adjudicated. In these cases, USCIS attempts to issue a decision on the relevant petition or application within 30 calendar days of receiving the necessary file(s) if the person is detained. If the person is not detained, USCIS attempts to issue a decision within 45 calendar days of receiving the file(s). If the next hearing in the removal case is scheduled within the 30- or 45-day time frame, USCIS typically works with ICE, to the extent possible, to complete action on the petition or application before the hearing date. USCIS maintains communication with ICE regarding the progress and status of the case. 

USCIS adjudicates all immigration benefit requests according to existing laws, regulations, and USCIS policies and procedures. If acting on ICE's request to adjudicate an application or petition might compromise those responsibilities or adherence to any law, regulation, policy or procedure, USCIS notifies ICE that the adjudication cannot be completed within the 30- or 45-day timeframe. USCIS continues to communicate with ICE about the status of the case. 

To the extent ICE currently coordinates directly with USCIS service centers with respect to benefit requests pending at the service centers, this guidance does not supersede or amend those arrangements. 

B. Transferring Jurisdiction

A pending application or petition may be transferred to a different office or jurisdiction for several reasons, including but not limited to:

  • The application or petition was not filed in the proper jurisdiction;

  • The benefit requestor now resides within another jurisdiction;

  • An application or petition pending at a service center appears to warrant an in-person interview at a field office; or

  • Regulations require transfer of an application or petition to another office for specific action.

For certain applications, such as an Application for Naturalization (Form N-400), the applicant must meet certain jurisdictional requirements relating to residency as of the date of filing; transferring jurisdiction alone may not adequately address such filing deficiency.[1]

Footnote


[^ 1] See Volume 12, Citizenship and Naturalization, Part D, General Naturalization Requirements, Chapter 6, Jurisdiction, Place of Residence, and Early Filing [12 USCIS-PM D.6].

Chapter 4 - Burden and Standards of Proof

A. Burden of Proof

The burden of proof to establish eligibility for an immigration benefit always falls solely on the benefit requestor.[1] The burden of proof never shifts to USCIS. 

Once a benefit requestor has met his or her initial burden of proof, he or she has made a prima facie case. This means that the benefit requestor has come forward with the facts and evidence which show that, at a minimum, and without any further inquiry, he or she has proven initial eligibility for the benefit sought, though in certain cases the officer is then required to determine whether approval or denial is appropriate, in his or her discretion. 

B. Standards of Proof

The standard of proof is different than the burden of proof. The standard of proof is the amount of evidence needed to establish eligibility for the benefit sought. The standard of proof applied in most administrative immigration proceedings is the preponderance of the evidence standard. Therefore, even if there is some doubt, if the benefit requestor submits relevant, probative, and credible evidence that leads an officer to believe that the claim is “probably true” or “more likely than not,” then the benefit requestor has satisfied the standard of proof.[2]

If the requestor has not met this standard, it is appropriate for the officer to either request additional evidence or issue a notice of intent to deny, or deny the case.[3]

The preponderance of the evidence standard of proof does not apply to those applications and petitions where a different standard is specified by law. The Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) provides for a higher standard in some cases, such as the clear and convincing evidence standard that is required when a beneficiary enters into a marriage while in exclusion, deportation, or removal proceedings, and to determine the citizenship of children born out of wedlock.[4]

Footnotes


[^ 1] See INA 291.

[^ 2] See INS v. Cardoza-Fonseca, 480 U.S. 421 (1987) (defining “more likely than not” as a greater than 50 percent probability of something occurring).

[^ 3] See Chapter 6, Evidence, Section F, Requests for Evidence and Notices of Intent to Deny [1 USCIS-PM E.6(F)] for more information.

[^ 4] See INA 245(e)(3). See INA 309(a)(1).

Chapter 5 - Verification of Identifying Information

As part of the adjudication of immigration benefits requests, USCIS reviews evidence and biometrics submitted by the benefit requestor, as well as USCIS systems, to verify identifying information.

A. Full Legal Name

In general, the requestor’s full legal name is comprised of his or her:

  • Given name (first name);​

  • Middle name(s) (if any); and​

  • Family name (last name).

The legal name is one of the following:​

  • The requestor’s name at birth as it appears on the birth certificate (or other qualifying identity documentation when a birth certificate is unavailable);[1] or

  • The requestor’s name following a legal name change.

For purposes of requesting immigration benefits, a married person may use a legal married name (spouse’s surname), a legal pre-marriage name, or any form of either (for example, hyphenated name, pre-married name or spouse’s surname). Requestors must submit legal documentation, such as that listed below, to show that the name used is the requestor’s legal name:[2]

  • Civil marriage certificate;

  • Divorce decree;

  • Family registry;

  • Country identity document;

  • Foreign birth certificate;

  • Certificate of naming; or

  • Court order.

Construction of Foreign Names

Construction of foreign names varies from culture to culture. For example, certain countries’ birth certificates display names in this order: family name, middle name, given name. This is in contrast to most birth certificates issued in the United States, which display names in this order: given name, middle name, family name.[3]

B. Personal Information

1. Date of Birth [Reserved]

[Reserved]

2. Gender

Benefit requestors may select their gender on USCIS applications, petitions, and requests. Neither the initial selection nor any later change in gender selection requires supporting documentation. Further, the gender selected does not need to match the gender listed on other immigration documents nor does it need to match other supporting identity documents, such as a birth certificate, a passport, or state identification.

Except for the Application for Replacement Naturalization/Citizenship Document (Form N-565), USCIS does not require a medical certification, a physician’s letter, a government-issued document reflecting the requested gender designation, or a court order recognizing a change of gender.[4]

Benefit requestors seeking to change the gender selection on a benefit request while the request is still pending with USCIS should contact the USCIS Contact Center.[5] If USCIS has already made a decision on the benefit request and issued a secure document accordingly, benefit requestors should file the appropriate form, with the applicable fee, for replacement documents.[6]

Footnotes


[^ 1] There may be instances in which a birth certificate is unobtainable because of country conditions or personal circumstances. In these instances, a requestor may submit secondary evidence or affidavits to establish his or her identity. Any affidavit should explain the reasons primary evidence is unavailable. For more information, see the Department of State (DOS) Reciprocity Tables for identity documents that cannot be obtained in particular countries and during specific time periods. Asylum applicants may be able to establish their identity, including their full legal name, with testimony alone.

[^ 2] See 8 CFR 204.2. See 8 CFR 320.3. See 8 CFR 322.3.

[^ 3] For more information, see 8 Foreign Affairs Manual (FAM) 403.1, Name Usage and Name Change.

[^ 4] The current instructions for the Application for Replacement Naturalization/Citizenship Document (Form N-565) require applicants to submit documents in support of their request to change their gender marker. Therefore, this policy does not currently apply to Form N-565, and benefit requestors must continue to submit the form in accordance with the form instructions. See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(1). See Appendix: Sample Language for Healthcare Certification [1 USCIS-PM E.5, Appendices Tab]. Note that the current instructions for the Application to Replace Permanent Resident Card (Form I-90) do not require applicants to submit documents in support of their request to change their gender marker.

[^ 5] To comply with statutory confidentiality requirements, USCIS has special procedures in place for previously filed or approved benefit requests under the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) or Trafficking Victims Protection Act. See 8 U.S.C. 1367. For information on case inquiries related to a previously filed VAWA self-petition or related adjustment of status, see the Abused Spouses, Children and Parents webpage. For information on case inquiries related to a previously filed Petition for U Nonimmigrant Status (Form I-918), Application for T Nonimmigrant Status (Form I-914), or related Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status (Form I-485), see the Victims of Human Trafficking and Other Crimes webpage.

[^ 6] See Volume 11, Travel and Identity Documents, Part A, Secure Identity Documents Policies and Procedures, Chapter 3, Reissuance of Secure Identity Documents [11 USCIS-PM A.3].

Chapter 6 - Evidence

Any evidence submitted in connection with a benefit request is incorporated into and considered part of the request.[1] The purpose of gathering evidence is to determine some fact or matter at issue. When adjudicating a benefit request under the preponderance of evidence standard, the officer examines each piece of evidence for relevance, probative value, and credibility, both individually and within the context of the totality of the evidence, to determine whether the fact to be proven is “more likely than not” or “probably” true.[2] 

The administrative record created by an officer is often crucial in later proceedings relating to the same requestor, such as appeals, rescission proceedings, removal proceedings, applications for relief and protection from removal, other benefit requests, and investigations of fraud. Additionally, under the Jencks Act,[3] anyone who provides a statement at an administrative proceeding, such as an immigration interview, is a potential government witness whose statement the government may be required to produce. Therefore, officers and other USCIS staff must retain and enter into the administrative record the following:

  • Written and signed affidavits from statements, such as sworn statements;

  • Recordings and transcripts of interviews;

  • Original interview notes;

  • Original notes made during site visits and surveillance operations; and

  • Original drafts of reports concerning interviews or surveillance operations if they are the first written record of the interview or surveillance.

A requestor must establish eligibility for the requested benefit at the time of filing the benefit request and must continue to be eligible through adjudication. If the evidence the requestor provides meets their burden of proof to establish eligibility,[4] USCIS approves the benefit request. If the law requires an exercise of discretion, USCIS can approve the request only if the requestor merits a favorable exercise of discretion and otherwise establishes eligibility.[5] If the evidence is not sufficient to establish eligibility, USCIS may request evidence or proceed to denial, as appropriate.

A. Initial and Additional Evidence [Reserved]

[Reserved]

B. Primary and Secondary Evidence

Each benefit request has specific eligibility requirements that a requestor must meet, which must be demonstrated by evidence. Any evidence the requestor submits in connection with a benefit request is incorporated into and considered part of the request.[6]

Some evidence is considered primary evidence, and other evidence is considered secondary evidence. Primary evidence is evidence that on its own proves an eligibility requirement. For example, a divorce certificate is primary evidence of a divorce. Secondary evidence is evidence that may demonstrate a fact is more likely than not true, but the evidence does not derive from a primary, authoritative source. Records maintained by religious or faith-based organizations showing that a person was divorced at a certain time are an example of secondary evidence of the divorce.

Likewise, a government-issued birth certificate is an example of primary evidence of the birth of a child, whereas a baptismal certificate is an example of secondary evidence of the birth of a child.[7]

USCIS requires primary evidence where such evidence is generally available according to the U.S. Department of State (DOS).[8] If the requestor cannot obtain such primary evidence, the requestor must demonstrate that the required primary evidence does not exist or cannot be obtained and provide secondary evidence.[9] Any secondary evidence submitted must overcome the unavailability of primary evidence.[10]

However, for some applications and petitions, such as asylum applications and applications for classification as a refugee, testimony alone may meet the evidentiary requirements.[11]

Primary Evidence that Does not Exist or Cannot be Obtained

Officers might encounter situations in which primary evidence is available according to DOS’s U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country webpage, but the applicant asserts it does not exist or cannot be obtained.[12] This generally gives rise to a presumption of ineligibility, which is the requestor’s burden to overcome.[13] A requestor cannot simply assert that primary evidence does not exist.

In the absence of primary evidence as required by regulation,[14] the requestor must:

  • Demonstrate that the required document does not exist or cannot be obtained by providing a written statement from the appropriate issuing authority attesting to the fact that no primary record exists and the reason the record does not exist;[15] and

  • Submit secondary evidence that overcomes the unavailability of the primary evidence.

In the absence of primary and secondary evidence as required by regulation,[16] the requestor must:

  • Demonstrate that the required document does not exist or cannot be obtained by providing a written statement from the appropriate issuing authority attesting to the fact that the primary record does not exist and the reason the record does not exist;

  • Demonstrate the unavailability of any secondary evidence; and

  • Submit two or more affidavits by persons who are not parties to the benefit request and who have direct personal knowledge of the event and circumstances.[17]

A requestor who is not able to provide a written statement of unavailability from the relevant foreign authority may instead submit evidence of repeated good faith attempts to obtain the required document or statement.[18]

Primary Evidence that is Generally Available but is Unreliable

Officers may also encounter cases where primary evidence is generally available, but DOS reports that such documents are unreliable. Civil records may be considered unreliable or require additional scrutiny for various reasons, including inaccurate recording, date of issuance, inconsistent standards for issuance, or widespread fraud.

If foreign documents submitted as primary evidence are unreliable according to DOS,[19] USCIS may request secondary evidence[20] in support of the benefit request. In cases where the secondary evidence is insufficient, or where interview criteria indicate, USCIS may refer the benefit requestor for an in-person interview. In addition, petitioners or applicants should be encouraged to submit all evidence at their disposal in response to any Request for Evidence (RFE). Whether evidence establishes the eligibility requirements is evaluated by the totality and quality of the evidence presented.

C. Copies vs. Originals

When adjudicating an immigration benefit, officers need to verify facts such as dates of marriage, birth, death, and divorce, as well as criminal and employment history. The “best evidence rule” states that where the facts are at issue in a case, the officer should request the original document. For example, if evidence of a divorce decree is required and a submitted photocopy looks altered, the officer should request the original divorce decree.

1. When Originals Required and Photocopies Permitted

When a requestor files a paper form[21] with USCIS, original documents may be required. Examples of supporting documents that requestors must generally present in the original are:

  • Medical examinations;

  • Affidavits; and

  • Labor certifications.

Unless otherwise required, the requestor may submit a legible photocopy of any other supporting document at the time of filing.[22]

2. Requesting Original Documents

USCIS may, at any time, request submission of an original document for review. The request sets a deadline for submission of the original document.

If a requestor does not submit the requested original of the document by the deadline, USCIS may deny the benefit request as abandoned, based on the record, or both.[23]

3. Returning Original Documents

Upon completion of the adjudication, USCIS may return original documents if the submission was in response to a USCIS request. All retained originals become part of the record. Although USCIS does not automatically return originals that it did not request, offices are encouraged to voluntarily return submitted original documents.[24]

To request return of originals that were not returned during the adjudication process, the requestor may submit a Request for the Return of Original Documents (Form G-884).

D. Types of Evidence

Strict rules of evidence used in judicial proceedings do not apply in administrative proceedings, including benefits requests before USCIS. Usually, requestors may submit any oral or documentary evidence for USCIS’ consideration when determining eligibility for the benefit sought.

Because the strict rules of evidence do not apply in administrative proceedings, officers may consider a wide range of oral or documentary evidence.

1. Documentary Evidence

Documentary evidence includes all types of documents, records, and writings and is subject to the same considerations regarding competency and credibility as is testimonial evidence discussed below. Documentary evidence may be divided into two categories: public documents and private documents.

Public Documents 

Public documents are the official records of legislative, judicial, and administrative bodies. A requestor may submit public documents as evidence to demonstrate eligibility for the benefit sought. For example, a government-issued birth certificate is a public document.

Birth or baptismal records maintained by officials in religious or faith-based organizations are not considered public documents but may be accepted as secondary evidence of birth if the actual place of birth is indicated on the certificate.

Private Documents

Private documents include all documents other than the official records of legislative, judicial, or administrative bodies of government. Requestors often submit private documents as supporting evidence for benefit requests. Private documents can include, but are not limited to, business or tax records, bank statements, affidavits, education credentials, or photographs.

2. Testimonial Evidence

Officers frequently take testimony to determine eligibility for immigration benefits.[25] An officer should only take testimony from a person who is mentally competent at the time set to testify. An officer should not attempt to take testimony from any person who might lack the mental capacity, such as:

  • A person who has been found mentally incompetent by an appropriate authority;

  • A person who is under the influence of drugs or alcohol; or

  • A person the officer suspects is mentally incompetent. In those cases, the officer must clearly document their reason(s) for reaching that conclusion.

In any situation where the witness’ competency is in doubt, officers should supplement the record with the testimony of another witness, with other evidence relating to the same matter or reschedule the interview, per local procedures.

When interviewing minors, officers should consider the child’s age, stage of language development, and emotional maturity when eliciting testimony. Such interviews must be conducted with sensitivity and may warrant special considerations, including determining whether a trusted adult may be present.

Credibility of Testimony

Discrepancies in statements do not necessarily discredit the witness.[26] A truthful witness, in speaking of a past event, might not repeatedly reproduce the facts in their entirety without some change in detail.

Witnesses who have signed statements might later indicate that they wish to retract the statement, or they might give contrary testimony when later called upon to testify. USCIS may not prevent such witnesses from retracting or changing prior statements. However, contradictory statements may adversely impact the credibility of the witness.[27]

If an officer determines that the testimony of a witness is not credible, the written decision or interview notes or both should indicate this conclusion. However, it generally is not enough to simply say that the witness is not credible. Instead, the officer’s decision should give the specific reason(s) for the conclusion and refer to evidence in the record that supports the conclusion.

Privileged Testimony

Officers may occasionally encounter the issue of privilege. A testimonial privilege allows the person who invokes it to bar testimony that would violate the privilege. Examples include the privilege against self-incrimination and spousal privileges.

Each privilege differs slightly in how it applies, such as whose testimony may be barred and who may invoke the privilege. The scope of the material covered by the privilege also differs.[28]

Sworn Statements

An officer may also take a sworn statement. A sworn statement is a written declaration given under an oath (or affirmation). It must be witnessed and signed and contain an accurate record of the questions asked, and answers received. The sworn statement becomes part of the permanent, official record and may be used in a subsequent proceeding or prosecution. The determination of benefit eligibility may depend on the evidence in the sworn statement and the interview record it creates may be particularly important in complex cases, such as those involving national security or fraud concerns.

An officer taking a sworn statement must focus on gathering all necessary information to make a decision. The officer must structure the statement in a manner that is logical, using a clear progression of facts and questions. Officers should explore each relevant fact uncovered in a statement by further questioning to the extent necessary before changing topics.

When a sworn statement is taken and the affiant signs it, the affiant (the person making the statement) or authorized representative may request a copy of the statement. Upon request, USCIS provides a copy of the signed sworn statement to an affiant, without fee, at the conclusion of the interview where the statement was taken.[29]

3. Expert and Opinion Evidence

On occasion, officers may require evidence from an expert to assist in completing an adjudication. For example, in cases involving handwritten, counterfeit, or altered documents, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)’s Homeland Security Investigations Forensic Laboratory may serve as experts.[30] A requestor may also submit evidence from a non-DHS expert.

An expert is permitted to give an opinion on a particular set of facts or circumstances involving scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge. Knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education must qualify the expert. Officers may reject or afford lesser evidentiary weight to expert opinions that conflict with the evidence of record or are questionable.[31]

E. Translations

1. Document Translations

Any document containing a foreign language submitted in support of a benefit request must be accompanied by a full English language translation.[32] The translator must certify that the translation is complete and accurate, and that the translator is competent to translate from the foreign language into English.[33] Sometimes the keeper of a record issues an “extract” version of a document. Such official extracts are acceptable, but only if they contain all the information necessary to make a decision on a case. Only extracts prepared by an authorized official (the “keeper of record”) are acceptable. A summary of a document prepared by a translator is unacceptable.

2. Document Translators

If an officer takes a written statement in a foreign language and a translator translates it into English, it may be necessary to produce the translator at a subsequent interview or hearing. When there is evidence that a written statement might not be accurately translated, the translator may be called upon to testify not only as to knowledge of the English and the foreign language, but also to confirm the accuracy of the translation.[34]

F. Requests for Evidence and Notices of Intent to Deny

Under the regulations, USCIS has the discretion to issue Requests for Evidence (RFEs) and Notices of Intent to Deny (NOIDs) for immigration benefit requests in appropriate circumstances.[35] USCIS also has the discretion in some instances to issue a denial without first issuing an RFE or a NOID.

An officer should issue an RFE or NOID when the facts and the law warrant; an officer should not avoid issuing an RFE or NOID when one is needed. However, an officer should not issue an RFE or NOID if the officer determines the evidence already submitted establishes eligibility or ineligibility for the request. An unnecessary RFE or NOID can delay case completion and result in additional unnecessary costs to both the government and the benefit requestor.[36]

Generally, USCIS issues written notices in the form of an RFE or NOID to request missing initial[37] or additional evidence from benefit requestors. However, USCIS has the discretion to deny a benefit request without issuing an RFE or NOID. If the officer determines a benefit request does not have any legal basis for approval, the officer should issue a denial without prior issuance of an RFE or a NOID.[38]

1. Evaluating Evidence and Eligibility

Unless otherwise specified, officers should generally follow these principles in each case:

  • Understand the specific elements required to demonstrate eligibility for the benefit request.[39]
  • Understand the standard of proof that applies to the benefit request. In most instances, the benefit requestor must establish eligibility under the preponderance of the evidence standard. Under that standard, the benefit requestor must prove it is more likely than not that the requestor meets each of the required elements.[40]
  • Review all the evidence to determine if each of the essential elements has been satisfied by the applicable standard of proof.

If the officer determines that the benefit requestor is eligible for the benefit requested (all the essential elements have been satisfied by the applicable standard of proof, including but not limited to, when applicable, that a favorable exercise of discretion is warranted), the officer approves the benefit request without issuance of an RFE or NOID.[41]

If the benefit requestor has not established eligibility under the applicable standard of proof, the officer generally issues an RFE or NOID to request evidence of eligibility. However, if the benefit request does not have a legal basis for approval, and the officer determines that there is no possibility that additional information or explanation will establish a legal basis for approval, then the officer generally should deny the benefit request without first issuing an RFE or NOID.[42]

2. Considerations Before Issuing Requests for Evidence or Notices of Intent to Deny

Instead of or in addition to issuing an RFE or NOID, the officer may also:

  • Perform additional research;

  • If not already required for the benefit type, interview the benefit requestor or other witnesses; or

  • Initiate an investigation.

Each option requires varying degrees of resources. Therefore, officers should carefully evaluate each option when deciding next steps.

Performing Additional Research

Although the burden of proof to establish eligibility for an immigration benefit is on the benefit requestor,[43] an officer may assess, before issuing an RFE or a NOID, whether the information or evidence needed is available in USCIS records or systems. Officers have the discretion[44] to validate assertions or corroborate evidence and information by reviewing USCIS (or other governmental) files, systems, and databases, or by obtaining publicly available information that is readily accessible.[45] 

For example, an officer may, in the exercise of discretion, verify information relating to a petitioner’s corporate structure by consulting a publicly available government website or corroborate evidence relating to a person’s history of nonimmigrant stays in the United States by searching a U.S. government database.

3. Requests for Evidence

If the benefit requestor either has not submitted all of the required initial evidence[46] for the benefit request, or the evidence in the record does not establish eligibility for the benefit sought, the officer should issue an RFE or NOID requesting such evidence unless the officer determines that there is no legal basis for the benefit request and no possibility that additional information or explanation will establish a legal basis for approval.[47]

Content of RFEs

RFEs should:

  • Identify the eligibility requirement(s) that has not been established and why the evidence submitted is insufficient;

  • Identify any missing evidence specifically required by the applicable statute, regulation, or form instructions;

  • Identify examples of other evidence that may be submitted to establish eligibility; and

  • Request that evidence.

An officer should not request evidence that is outside the scope of the adjudication or otherwise irrelevant to an identified deficiency.

The RFE should ask for all the evidence the officer anticipates needing to determine eligibility and should clearly state the deadline for response.

Avoiding Multiple RFEs

In certain instances, the evidence provided in response to an RFE may raise eligibility questions that the officer did not identify during initial case review or open new lines of inquiry. In such a case, the officer may issue a follow-up RFE or NOID. However, officers should include in a single RFE all the evidence they anticipate needing to determine eligibility. The officer’s careful consideration of all the apparent deficiencies in the evidence minimizes the need for multiple RFEs.

Timeframe for Response

The maximum response time for an RFE is 12 weeks (84 days); regulations prohibit officers from granting additional time to respond to an RFE.[48]

However, the regulations permit USCIS to assign flexible timeframes for benefit requestors to respond to an RFE.[49] To ensure consistency, officers should follow standard timeframes but may reduce the response time on a case-by-case basis after obtaining supervisory concurrence. This discretion should only be used when warranted by circumstances as determined by the officer and the supervisor.

The RFE must clearly state the deadline by which the requested initial or additional evidence must be submitted to USCIS.

Regulations govern the effect of service, which may be in person, by ordinary mail, or electronically.[50] When USCIS serves an RFE by ordinary mail, the service of the RFE is complete upon the benefit requestor on the day that USCIS physically mails the RFE.[51] When USCIS serves an RFE by ordinary mail, an RFE response is timely if USCIS receives it no more than 3 days after the prescribed period. This provides a total of 87 days after USCIS mails the RFE, for USCIS to receive an RFE response.

Further, USCIS applies the regulatory definition of day[52] when reviewing a mailed RFE response for timeliness. Where USCIS receives the response on a Monday or on the next business day after a federal holiday, USCIS considers the response to be timely if the deadline fell on the preceding Saturday, Sunday, or federal holiday. As such, when the last day of the filing period falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or federal holiday, the RFE response period is extended until the end of the next business day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or federal holiday.

USCIS considers a response to an RFE that is issued through the USCIS online system to be received on the date it is electronically filed through the individual’s (or attorney or representative’s) online account, regardless of whether the day is on a weekend or federal holiday.

Additional mailing time (14 days) should be given to benefit requestors residing outside the United States or when USCIS mails an RFE from an international USCIS field office.

Standard Timeframes

In compliance with the regulations, the guidelines in the table below provide standard timeframes for benefit requestors to respond to RFEs.[53] These standard timeframes do not apply to circumstances in which a fixed maximum response time is specified by regulation.[54]

Standard Timeframes for Response to an RFE

When Submitting Evidence Required For

Standard Response Time (Calendar Days)

Additional Mailing Time When Residing Inside the United States

Additional Mailing Time When Residing Outside the United States or When an International Field Office Issues RFEs

Application to Extend/Change Nonimmigrant Status (Form I-539)[55]

30

3

N/A

Application for Provisional Unlawful Presence Waiver (Form I-601A)[56]

30

3

N/A

All other form types, regardless of whether the request is for initial or additional evidence, or whether the evidence is available in the United States or from overseas sources[57]

84

3

14

4. Notices of Intent to Deny

Circumstances Under Which NOIDs are Required[58]

USCIS issues a NOID before denying any immigration benefit requests submitted on the following forms:

  • Application for Determination of Suitability to Adopt a Child from a Convention Country (Form I-800A) based on a mandatory denial ground;[59]

  • Petition to Classify Convention Adoptee as an Immediate Relative (Form I-800) based on a mandatory denial ground;[60] or

  • Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status (Form I-485) filed by a physician because the physician failed to comply with the conditions attached to his or her national interest waiver.[61]

Derogatory Information Unknown to the Benefit Requestor

In general, USCIS is also required to issue a NOID when derogatory information is uncovered during the course of the adjudication that is not known to the benefit requestor and USCIS intends to deny the benefit request on the basis of that derogatory information.[62] The benefit requestor may be either unaware of the derogatory information or unaware of its impact on eligibility.

When USCIS bases an adverse decision on derogatory information that may be unknown to the benefit requestor, USCIS must provide the requestor an opportunity to rebut that information.[63] A NOID provides a benefit requestor with adequate notice and sufficient opportunity to respond and the opportunity to review and rebut derogatory information not known to the benefit requestor.

Any explanation, rebuttal, or information presented by or on behalf of the benefit requestor must be included in the record of proceeding.

Additional Circumstances Under Which USCIS May Issue NOIDs

While not required in other situations, a NOID also provides a benefit requestor with adequate notice and sufficient opportunity to respond to an intended denial because of a determination of ineligibility.[64]

It is also appropriate for officers to issue NOIDs in the following circumstances:

  • The benefit requestor submitted little or no evidence;[65] or

  • The benefit requestor has met the eligibility requirements for the requested benefit or action but has not established that he or she warrants a favorable exercise of discretion (where there is also a discretionary component to the adjudication).[66]

Content of NOIDs

NOIDs should:

  • Identify the reasons for the intended denial, including the eligibility requirement(s) that has not been established, and why the evidence submitted is insufficient;

  • Explain the nature of the adverse information, if any.

  • Identify any missing evidence specifically required by the applicable statute, regulation, or form instructions;

  • Identify examples of other evidence that may be submitted to establish eligibility; and

  • Request that evidence.

The NOID should also instruct the benefit requestor that a failure to respond may result in a denial and must clearly state the deadline for response.[67]

Timeframe for Response

The NOID must clearly state the deadline by which the response must be submitted to USCIS. The maximum response time for a NOID is 30 days.[68]

Regulations govern the effect of service, which may be in person, by ordinary mail, or electronically.[69] When USCIS serves a NOID by ordinary mail, the service of the NOID is complete upon the benefit requestor on the day that USCIS physically mails the NOID.[70] When USCIS serves a NOID by ordinary mail, a NOID response is timely if USCIS receives it no more than 3 days after the prescribed period. If the response time is 30 days, this provides a total of 33 days after USCIS mails the NOID, for USCIS to receive a NOID response.

Further, USCIS applies the regulatory definition of day[71] when reviewing a mailed NOID response for timeliness. Where USCIS receives the response on a Monday or on the next business day after a federal holiday, USCIS considers the response to be timely if the deadline fell on the preceding Saturday, Sunday, or federal holiday. As such, when the last day of the filing period falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or federal holiday, the NOID response period is extended until the end of the next business day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or federal holiday.  

USCIS considers a response to a NOID that is issued through the USCIS online system to be received on the date it is electronically filed through the individual’s (or attorney or representative’s) online account, regardless of whether the day is a weekend or federal holiday.

Additional mailing time (14 days) should be given to benefit requestors residing outside the United States or when USCIS mails a NOID from an international USCIS field office.

Standard Timeframes

In compliance with the regulations, the guidelines in the table below provide standard timeframes for benefit requestors to respond to NOIDs.[72]

Standard Timeframes for Response to a NOID

When Submitting Evidence Required For

Standard Response Time (Calendar Days)

Additional Mailing Time When Residing Inside the United States

Additional Mailing Time When Residing Outside the United States or When an International Field Office Issues NOIDs

All form types[73]

30

3

14

5. Responses to Requests for Evidence and Notices of Intent to Deny

Within the timeframe specified, benefit requestors may respond to an RFE or NOID in one of three ways:

  • Submit a complete response containing all requested information;

  • Submit a partial response, which is considered a request for a decision on the record; or

  • Withdraw the application or petition.[74]

Requested Materials Must Be Submitted Together

Whether in response to an RFE or a NOID, benefit requestors must submit all requested materials together at one time, along with the original RFE or NOID. USCIS treats any submission partially responding to an RFE or NOID as a request for a final decision on the record.[75] USCIS does not wait for a second response or issue a second RFE simply because a response from the benefit requestor is a partial response.

Failure to Respond to an RFE or NOID

Failure to submit requested evidence that is relevant to the adjudication is grounds for denying the request.[76] If a benefit requestor does not respond to an RFE or NOID by the required date,[77] USCIS may:

  • Deny the benefit request as abandoned;[78]

  • Deny the benefit request on the record; or

  • Deny the benefit request for both reasons.[79]

Footnotes


[^ 1] See 8 CFR 103.2(b).

[^ 2] See Matter of Chawathe (PDF), 25 I&N Dec. 369, 376 (AAO 2010). Certain documentation requirements do not apply to asylees adjusting status. See INA 212(a)(7)(A).

[^ 3] See 18 U.S.C. 3500. The Jencks Act requires that a statement that was made by a government witness be produced after the government witness has testified upon demand by the defense. Failure by the government to produce the statement requires the suppression of the testimony of that witness.

[^ 4] See INA 291.

[^ 5] See Chapter 8, Discretionary Analysis [1-USCIS PM E.8].

[^ 6] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(1).

[^ 7] Although birth certificates are primary evidence, when the birth certificate was not registered contemporaneously with the birth, the officer must consider the birth certificate, as well as all the other evidence of record and the circumstances of the case, to determine whether the petitioner has submitted sufficient reliable evidence to demonstrate the claimed relationship by a preponderance of the evidence. See Matter of Rehman, 27 I&N Dec. 124 (BIA 2017). In addition, as of September 30, 2010, all birth certificates that were issued in Puerto Rico before July 1, 2010 are invalid. For any benefit request received after September 30, 2010, officers should verify that the Puerto Rico birth certificate was issued by the General Vital Statistics Office of Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico Department of Health) on or after July 1, 2010. For additional information related to the legislation that amended Puerto Rico law with respect to the issuance and validity of birth certificates, see S.B. 1653, Law No. 68 of 2009.

[^ 8] Officers reference DOS’s U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country webpage for country-specific document standards.

[^ 9] See 8 CFR 103.2(b).

[^ 10] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(2). For self-petitions under the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) and petitions and applications for T and U nonimmigrant status (for victims of human trafficking and other specified crimes), USCIS considers any credible evidence relevant to the petition or application. Requestors may submit any credible, relevant, and probative evidence to establish eligibility. The determination of what evidence is credible and the weight to be given that evidence is within the sole discretion of USCIS and determined on a case-by-case basis. See INA 204(a)(1)(J). See INA 214(p)(4). See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(2)(iii). See 8 CFR 204.1(f)(1). See 8 CFR 204.2(c)(2)(i). See 8 CFR 204.2(e)(2)(i). See 8 CFR 214.14(c)(4). See 8 CFR 214.11(d)(2) and 8 CFR 214.11(d)(5). VAWA self-petitioners may not be required to demonstrate that preferred primary or secondary evidence is unavailable. See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(2)(iii). See Volume 3, Humanitarian Protection and Parole [3 USCIS-PM].

[^ 11] See INA 208(b)(1)(B)(ii)

[^ 12] The DOS’s website provides country-specific information on the availability of various foreign documents. If DOS shows that a record is generally not available in a particular country, USCIS may accept secondary evidence without requiring the written statement from the issuing authority. See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(2)(ii).

[^ 13] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(2)(i).

[^ 14] See 8 CFR 103.2(b).

[^ 15] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(2)(ii).

[^ 16] See 8 CFR 103.2(b).

[^ 17] Secondary evidence must overcome the unavailability of primary evidence, and affidavits must overcome the unavailability of both primary and secondary evidence. See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(2)

[^ 18] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(2)(ii).

[^ 19] See 8 CFR 204.1(f)(1). DOS’s U.S. Visa: Reciprocity and Civil Documents by Country webpage provides country-specific information on the availability and reliability of various foreign documents. If DOS shows that a record is generally not reliable in a particular country, USCIS should request secondary evidence. 

[^ 20] Secondary evidence may include optional submission of DNA results. In certain cases where primary and secondary evidence are not sufficient to demonstrate a claimed family relationship, USCIS may send the requestor a Request for Evidence (RFE) suggesting DNA testing to support a claim of a biological family relationship. DNA collection is voluntary and a decision to omit DNA evidence is not factored into an adjudicative decision. For additional information on voluntary DNA submission, see USCIS Response to COVID-19 webpage.

[^ 21] For benefit requests filed electronically as permitted by form instructions, requestors must follow the instructions provided to properly submit all required evidence. For additional information relating to electronic filings, see Part B, Submission of Benefit Requests, Chapter 6, Submitting Requests [1 USCIS-PM B.6].

[^ 22] For additional information on when USCIS requires original documents, see form-specific filing instructions.

[^ 23] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(4)-(5). See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(13).

[^ 24] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(5).

[^ 25] For example, an officer reviews all relevant records and considers the applicant’s testimony to determine whether a naturalization applicant has met the required period of continuous residence.

[^ 26] Witnesses may include, but are not limited to, applicants, petitioners, and other benefit requestors.

[^ 27] Retraction of prior statements made under oath may, under certain conditions, render the witnesses liable for perjury. However, witnesses have a legal right to claim that written statements are not true, or that they were obtained by fraud or duress.

[^ 28] Officers should not confuse privileged testimony with confidentiality provisions. For more information on confidentiality, see Part A, Public Services, Chapter 7, Privacy and Confidentiality. [1 USCIS-PM A.7].

[^ 29] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(7).

[^ 30] If an officer intends to issue an adverse decision based on derogatory information of which the benefit requestor is unaware, the officer must disclose the information and provide the benefit requestor the opportunity to rebut the information and present information in the requestor’s own behalf. See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(16)(i).

[^ 31] See Matter of Caron Int'l, Inc. (PDF), 19 I&N Dec. 791, 795 (Comm. 1988).

[^ 32] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(3).

[^ 33] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(3).

[^ 34] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(3).

[^ 35] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(8). However, certain immigration benefits, such as refugee and asylum applications, are governed by different regulations and procedures regarding RFEs, NOIDs, denials, and failures to appear; therefore, the guidance in this chapter does not apply to these immigration benefits governed by different regulations. The terms “benefit request” and “immigration benefit request,” as used in this Policy Manual part, include, but are not limited to, all requests funded by the Immigration Examinations Fee Account (IEFA). These terms may also refer to forms or requests not directly resulting in an immigration benefit.

[^ 36] For purposes of this Policy Manual part, the terms “benefit requestor” and “requestor” mean the person, organization, or business requesting an immigration benefit from USCIS. In most instances, this will either be an applicant or a petitioner, depending on the request.

[^ 37] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(1). Each benefit request must be properly completed and filed with all initial evidence required by applicable regulations and other USCIS instructions.

[^ 38] For more information, see Chapter 9, Rendering a Decision, Section B, Denials, Subsection 1, Denials Based on Lack of Legal Basis [1 USCIS-PM E.9(B)(1)].

[^ 39] See the program-specific part of the Policy Manual for more information on eligibility requirements that apply to a particular benefit request.

[^ 40] For more information, see Chapter 4, Burden and Standards of Proof [1 USCIS-PM E.4].

[^ 41] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(8)(i).

[^ 42] See Chapter 9, Rendering a Decision, Section B, Denials, Subsection 1, Denials Based on Lack of Legal Basis [1 USCIS-PM E.9(B)(1)].

[^ 43] See INA 291. See Matter of Arthur (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 558 (BIA 1978).

[^ 44] However, under 8 CFR 103.2(b)(17), officers must verify the status of an applicant or petitioner who claims that he or she is a lawful permanent resident by reviewing USCIS records.

[^ 45] See INA 287(b). See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(16)(i).

[^ 46] For applications and petitions for T and U nonimmigrant status (for victims of trafficking and other specified crimes) and Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) benefit requests, USCIS considers any credible evidence relevant to the request. Requestors may submit any credible, relevant, and probative evidence to establish eligibility. See INA 204(a)(1)(J). See INA 214(p)(4). See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(2)(iii). See 8 CFR 204.1(f)(1). See 8 CFR 204.2(c)(2)(i). See 8 CFR 204.2(e)(2)(i). See 8 CFR 214.14(c)(4). See 8 CFR 214.11(d)(2) and 8 CFR 214.11(d)(5).

[^ 47] If there is no legal basis for the benefit request and no possibility that additional information or explanation will establish a legal basis, the officer may deny the request without first issuing an RFE or NOID. See Chapter 9, Rendering a Decision, Section B, Denials, Subsection 1, Denials Based on Lack of Legal Basis [1 USCIS-PM E.9(B)(1)].

[^ 48] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(8)(iv). Officers adjudicating a benefit request may exercise their discretion to consider late responses to RFEs to have been submitted timely if in their view circumstances warrant it.

[^ 49] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(8) and 8 CFR 103.2(b)(11).

[^ 50] See 8 CFR 103.8(b) (“[w]henever a person has the right or is required to do some act within a prescribed period after the service of a notice upon him and the notice is served by mail, 3 days shall be added to the prescribed period. Service by mail is complete upon mailing.”). See 8 CFR 103.8(a) (describing routine service by ordinary or electronic mail and personal service, performed by a government employee).

[^ 51] See 8 CFR 103.8(b) (“[w]henever a person has the right or is required to do some act within a prescribed period after the service of a notice upon him and the notice is served by mail, 3 days shall be added to the prescribed period. Service by mail is complete upon mailing.”).

[^ 52] See 8 CFR 1.2.

[^ 53] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(8)(iv).

[^ 54] For example, USCIS generally provides an applicant for naturalization 30 days (33 if mailed) to respond to an RFE. See 8 CFR 335.7. See Volume 12, Citizenship and Naturalization, Part B, Naturalization Examination, Chapter 4, Results of the Naturalization Examination, Section B, Continuation of Examination, Subsection 1, Continuation to Request Evidence [12 USCIS-PM B.4(B)(1)].

[^ 55] Due to the relatively short processing times required by the Form I-539, a response time of only 30 days applies to RFEs for Form I-539 filings.

[^ 56] Due to the streamlined nature of the provisional unlawful presence waiver process and to avoid long delays in immigrant visa processing, a response time of 30 days applies to RFEs for the Form I-601A. Officers, in their discretion, may increase the response time for the Form I-601A after obtaining supervisory concurrence. This discretion should be used on a case-by-case basis when warranted by circumstances as determined by the officer and the supervisor.

[^ 57] Certain immigration benefits, such as refugee and asylum applications, are governed by different regulations and procedures regarding RFEs, NOIDs, denials, and failures to appear. Therefore, the guidance in this table does not apply to these immigration benefits governed by different regulations.

[^ 58] Certain immigration benefits, such as refugee and asylum applications, are governed by different regulations and procedures regarding RFEs, NOIDs, denials, and failures to appear. Therefore, the guidance in this section does not apply to these immigration benefits governed by different regulations.

[^ 59] See 8 CFR 204.309(a). See 8 CFR 204.309(c).

[^ 60] See 8 CFR 204.309(a). See 8 CFR 204.309(c).

[^ 61] See 8 CFR 245.18(i).

[^ 62] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(16).

[^ 63] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(16)(i).

[^ 64] However, if the officer determines that there is no legal basis for the benefit request, the officer generally denies the request. See Chapter 9, Rendering a Decision, Section B, Denials, Subsection 1, Denials Based on Lack of Legal Basis [1 USCIS-PM E.9(B)(1)].

[^ 65] USCIS generally issues RFEs when some required evidence is missing but may issue a NOID if all or most of the required evidence is missing. However, USCIS generally rejects incomplete benefit requests, including those with filing deficiencies, such as missing or invalid signatures. USCIS does not issue NOIDs for such filing deficiencies since the requests were never accepted for adjudicative review and therefore are not subject to approval or denial criteria. See 8 CFR 103.2(a)(7)(ii). See Part B, Submission of Benefit Requests, Chapter 6, Submitting Requests, Section B, Intake Processing [1 USCIS-PM B.6(B)].

[^ 66] For more information, see Chapter 8, Discretionary Analysis [1 USCIS-PM E.8].

[^ 67] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(13).

[^ 68] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(8)(iv). Officers adjudicating a benefit request may exercise their discretion to consider late responses to NOIDs to have been submitted timely if in their view circumstances warrant it.

[^ 69] See 8 CFR 103.8(b) (“[w]henever a person has the right or is required to do some act within a prescribed period after the service of a notice upon him and the notice is served by mail, 3 days shall be added to the prescribed period. Service by mail is complete upon mailing.”). See 8 CFR 103.8(a) (describing routine service by ordinary or electronic mail and personal service, performed by a government employee).

[^ 70] See 8 CFR 103.8(b) (“[w]henever a person has the right or is required to do some act within a prescribed period after the service of a notice upon him and the notice is served by mail, 3 days shall be added to the prescribed period. Service by mail is complete upon mailing.”).

[^ 71] See 8 CFR 1.2.

[^ 72] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(8)(iv)

[^ 73] Certain immigration benefits, such as refugee and asylum applications, are governed by different regulations and procedures regarding RFEs, NOIDs, denials, and failures to appear. Therefore, the guidance in this table does not apply to these immigration benefits governed by different regulations.

[^ 74] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(6). USCIS’ acknowledgement of a withdrawal may not be appealed. See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(15).

[^ 75] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(11).

[^ 76] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(14).

[^ 77] Applications for asylum are not subject to denial under 8 CFR 103.2(b), like other benefit requests, generally. See 8 CFR 208.14(d).

[^ 78] The benefit requestor may not appeal a denial due to abandonment, but the benefit requestor may file a motion to reopen. See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(15). See Notice of Appeal or Motion (Form I-290B). A new proceeding will not be affected by the withdrawal or denial due to abandonment, but the facts and circumstances surrounding the prior benefit request will otherwise be material to the new benefit request. See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(15). See 8 CFR 1.2 (definition of benefit request).

[^ 79] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(13).

Chapter 7 - Interviews [Reserved]

Chapter 8 - Discretionary Analysis

Many immigration benefits require the requestor[1] to demonstrate that the request merits a favorable exercise of discretion in order to receive the benefit.[2] For these benefits, a discretionary analysis is a separate, additional component of adjudicating the benefit request. Whether to favorably exercise discretion is typically assessed after an officer has determined that the requestor meets all applicable threshold eligibility requirements.

The discretionary analysis involves the review of all relevant, specific facts and circumstances in an individual case. However, there are limitations on how the officer may exercise discretion; the officer may not exercise discretion arbitrarily, inconsistently, or in reliance on biases or assumptions.

In some contexts, there are regulations and case law that outline certain factors that officers must review and use as a guide in making a discretionary determination. However, there is no exhaustive list of factors that officers must consider. To perform a discretionary analysis, officers must weigh all positive factors present in a particular case against any negative factors in the totality of the record.[3] The analysis must be comprehensive, specific to the case, and based on all relevant facts known at the time of adjudication. For complex or difficult cases, officers should consult with supervisors and local counsel. 

A. Applicability

Congress generally provides discretionary authority explicitly in the statutory language that governs an immigration benefit. In some instances, however, discretionary authority is less explicit and must be inferred from the statutory language. Executive agencies may also outline their discretionary authority explicitly in regulations.[4]

Many immigration benefit requests are filed under provisions of law that require the favorable exercise of discretion to administer the benefit.[5] In these cases, the benefit requestor has the burden of demonstrating eligibility for the benefit sought and that USCIS should favorably exercise discretion.[6] Where an immigration benefit is discretionary, meeting the statutory and regulatory requirements alone does not entitle the requestor to the benefit sought.

Certain immigration benefits are not discretionary.[7] In these cases, if the requestor properly filed and meets the eligibility requirements then USCIS must approve the benefit request. There is no discretionary analysis as part of the adjudication, and these requests cannot be denied as a matter of discretion.

The following table provides a non-exhaustive overview of immigration benefits and whether discretion is involved in the adjudication of such benefits.

Immigration Benefits Involving Discretionary Review

Benefit Type

Discretion Involved

(Yes or No)

Petition to classify an alien as a nonimmigrant worker[8]

No (with some exceptions)

Petition to classify an alien as a fiancé(e) of a U.S. citizen[9] 

Yes

Application to extend or change nonimmigrant status[10]

Yes

Advance permission to enter as a nonimmigrant[11]

Yes

Humanitarian parole[12]

Yes

Temporary protected status[13]

Yes

Refugee status[14]

Yes (with some exceptions)[15]

Asylum[16]

Yes

Petition to classify an alien as a family-based immigrant[17]

No (with some exceptions)

Petition to classify an alien as an employment-based immigrant[18]

Yes

Petition to classify an alien as an immigrant investor[19]

Yes

Adjustment of status[20]

Yes (with some exceptions)[21]

Registration[22]

No

Recognition as an American Indian born in Canada[23]

No

Waivers of inadmissibility[24]

Yes

Consent to reapply for admission after deportation or removal[25]

Yes

Employment authorization[26]

Yes (with some exceptions)

Removal of conditions on permanent residence[27]

No (with some exceptions)[28]

Naturalization[29]

No

Application for a Certificate of Citizenship[30]

No

B. Overview of Discretion

1. Definition

The Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) has described the exercise of discretion as:

  • A balancing of the negative factors evidencing the person’s undesirability as a permanent resident with the social and humane considerations presented on his or her behalf to determine whether relief appears in the best interests of this country.[31]

  • A matter of administrative grace where the applicant has the burden of showing that discretion should be exercised in his or her favor.[32]

  • A consideration of negative factors and the need for the applicant to offset such factors by showing unusual or even outstanding equities.[33]

These characterizations imply that the exercise of discretion cannot be arbitrary, inconsistent, or dependent on intangible or imagined circumstances.

In short, discretion is defined as the ability or power to exercise sound judgment in decision-making. While the discretionary analysis gives the officer some autonomy in the way in which he or she decides a particular case after all applicable eligibility requirements are established, that autonomy may only be exercised within the confines of certain legal restrictions. These restrictions define the scope of the officer’s discretionary authority.[34]

2. Adjudicative Discretion

There are two broad types of discretion that may be exercised in the context of immigration law: prosecutorial (or enforcement) discretion[35] and adjudicative discretion. The scope of discretion is defined by what type of discretionary decision is being made. This chapter only discusses the exercise of adjudicative discretion.

Adjudicative discretion requires an officer to decide whether to exercise discretion favorably when adjudicating a request for an immigration benefit. This decision is guided by the applicable statutes, regulations, and policies that outline the eligibility requirements for the benefit and the facts present in the case at issue. The U.S. Supreme Court has referred to adjudicative discretion as merit-deciding discretion.[36]

In general, an officer may exercise favorable adjudicative discretion to approve a benefit request when the requestor has met the applicable eligibility requirements and negative factors impacting discretion are not present.[37] An exercise of discretion to grant a benefit may also be appropriate when the requestor has met the eligibility requirements for the benefit, and the positive factors outweigh the negative factors. An exercise of discretion to deny, rather than to grant, may likewise be appropriate when the requestor has met the requirements of the request, but negative factors found in the course of the adjudication outweigh the positive factors.

3. Who Exercises Discretion

Congress expressly granted discretion to the Secretary of Homeland Security in deciding when to grant certain immigration benefits. For example, the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) states: “The Secretary of Homeland Security or the Attorney General, in the Secretary’s or the Attorney General’s discretion and under such regulations as the Secretary or the Attorney General may prescribe, may adjust to the status of an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence the status of any alien granted asylum . . . .”[38]

The Secretary’s discretionary power is delegated to the officer, through DHS and USCIS. Therefore, when an officer exercises discretion in adjudicating a request for an immigration benefit, the officer is exercising discretion on behalf of the Secretary of Homeland Security.

In many cases, the INA still refers to the Attorney General’s discretion because the statutory text has not been changed to reflect the creation of DHS and the transfer of many functions from the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) to DHS.[39] If USCIS has adjudicative authority over the benefit, the statute should be read as conferring the power to exercise discretion on the Secretary of Homeland Security.[40]

4. Discretion

Eligibility Threshold

For discretionary benefits, there is never discretion to grant an immigration benefit if the benefit requestor has not first met all applicable threshold eligibility requirements.

It is legally permissible to deny an application as a matter of discretion without determining whether the requestor is otherwise eligible for the benefit.[41] However, the record is essentially incomplete if USCIS denies an application, petition, or request in its exercise of discretion without making a determination concerning eligibility.

Therefore, as a matter of policy, officers should generally make a specific determination regarding eligibility before addressing the exercise of discretion. Where denying the benefit request is appropriate, the officer should generally include in the denial letter his or her determination on all eligibility requirements, including but not limited to discretionary grounds, if applicable, so that the reasons for the ultimate denial are clearly reflected in the record.

Lack of Negative Factors

A person’s threshold eligibility for the benefit sought is generally also a positive factor. Therefore, absent any negative factors, USCIS ordinarily exercises discretion positively.[42] Generally, if there are no negative factors to weigh against that positive factor, denial of the benefit would be an inappropriate use of discretion.

C. Adjudicating Discretionary Benefits

When adjudicating a discretionary benefit, the officer should first determine whether the requestor meets all threshold eligibility requirements. For example, in adjudicating an application for adjustment of status under INA 245(a), the officer should first determine:

  • Whether the applicant was inspected and admitted or paroled or has an approved petition as a VAWA self-petitioner;

  • Is eligible to receive an immigrant visa;

  • Is admissible to the United States for permanent residence; and

  • Has an immigrant visa immediately available to him or her at the time he or she files the adjustment application.[43]

If the officer finds that the requestor does not meet the eligibility requirements but may be eligible for a waiver, exemption, or other form of relief, the officer should determine whether the requestor qualifies for a waiver, exemption, or other form of relief. Not all applications are concurrently filed, and in some instances, applicants must file a separate waiver application or application for relief and have that application approved before the applicant qualifies for the benefit. 

If the officer finds that the requestor meets the eligibility requirements because of an approved waiver, exemption, or other form of relief, the officer must then determine whether the request should be granted as a matter of discretion. If the officer finds that the requestor does not meet all applicable eligibility requirements, the officer can still include a discretionary analysis in the denial. The discretionary determination is the final step in the adjudication of a benefit request. Adding a discretionary analysis to a denial is useful if an appellate body on review disagrees with the officer’s conclusion that the requestor failed to meet the threshold eligibility requirements. In such a situation, the discretionary denial may still stand.

1. Basic Adjudication Steps

Officers should generally follow a three-step process when adjudicating a benefit request involving a discretionary analysis.

Basic Adjudication Steps Involving Discretion

Step One

Fact finding

Step Two

Determine whether requestor meets the threshold eligibility requirements

Step Three

Conduct discretionary analysis

Fact Finding[44]

Fact finding refers to the process of gathering and assessing evidence. The focus of fact finding should be to obtain credible evidence relevant to a requestor’s eligibility for the benefit, including the discretionary determination. If a requestor is interviewed, the officer should elicit information pertinent to fact finding during the interview. As part of fact finding, officers should evaluate relevant information present in the record. Depending on the benefit sought, such information might include, but is not limited to:

  • Immigration history;

  • Family ties in the United States;

  • Any serious medical conditions;

  • Any criminal history;

  • Other connections to the community; or

  • Information indicating a public safety or national security concern.

Background information may be relevant for eligibility determinations and to the exercise of discretion.

For discretionary benefits, the benefit requestor has the burden of showing that a favorable exercise of discretion is warranted through the submission of evidence.[45] In cases where negative factors are present, the officer may ask the requestor directly why he or she warrants a favorable exercise of discretion. The officer should document any response, or lack thereof, in the record.

Determining Whether Requestor First Meets Threshold Eligibility Requirements

The discretionary analysis is the final step in the adjudication. Generally, the officer should first determine whether the requestor meets all threshold eligibility requirements before beginning the discretionary analysis. If the officer determines the requestor has not met the eligibility requirements for the benefit sought, the officer may deny the request without completing a discretionary analysis. However, an officer may include a discretionary analysis if a discretionary denial would be warranted even if the requestor had met the threshold statutory and regulatory requirements.

In the process of determining whether the requestor has met the eligibility requirements for the benefit sought, the officer might find that certain facts related to threshold eligibility for the specific benefit may also be relevant to the discretionary determination.

For example, if an officer finds that an adjustment applicant was convicted of a crime, the applicant might be inadmissible. The criminal conviction may also affect the discretionary analysis.

Conducting Discretionary Analysis

The act of exercising discretion involves the weighing of positive and negative factors and considering the totality of the circumstances in the specific case. In the immigration context, the goal is to assess whether, based on the totality of the circumstances, the person warrants a favorable exercise of discretion.[46]

2. Identifying Discretionary Factors

Any facts related to the person’s conduct, character, family ties, other lawful ties to the United States, immigration status, or any other humanitarian concerns may be appropriate factors to consider in the exercise of discretion. A person’s conduct can include how he or she entered the United States and what he or she has done since arrival, such as employment, schooling, or any evidence of criminal activity. Whether the person has family members living in the United States also is relevant to the discretionary analysis. Ties to the United States may include owning real estate or a business; the conduct of that business (including maintenance of such business in compliance with the law) may also be relevant to the discretionary analysis. Humanitarian concerns may include, but are not limited to, health issues.

Precedent case law provides guidance on how to consider evidence and weigh the positive and negative factors present in a case. These precedent decisions and USCIS guidance provide a framework to assist officers in arriving at decisions which are consistent and fair.[47]

Factors That May Be Considered

There are a number of factors or factual circumstances that are generally considered when conducting a discretionary analysis. Factors may include, but are not limited to:

  • Whether the requestor is eligible for the benefit sought;[48]

  • The applicant or beneficiary’s ties to family members in the United States and the closeness of the underlying relationships;[49]

  • Hardship due to an adverse decision;[50]

  • The applicant or beneficiary’s value and service to the community;[51]

  • Length of the applicant or beneficiary’s lawful residence in the United States and status held during that residence, including the age at which the person began residing in the United States;[52]

  • Service in the U.S. armed forces;[53]

  • History of employment;[54]

  • Property or business ties in the United States;[55]

  • History of taxes paid;

  • Nature and underlying circumstances of any inadmissibility grounds at issue, the seriousness of the violations, and whether the applicant or beneficiary is eligible for a waiver of inadmissibility or other form of relief;[56]

  • Likelihood that lawful permanent resident (LPR) status will ensue soon;

  • Evidence regarding respect for law and order, good character, and intent to hold family responsibilities (for example, affidavits from family, friends, and responsible community representatives);[57]

  • Criminal history (in the United States and abroad) and whether the applicant or beneficiary has rehabilitated and reformed;[58]

  • Community service beyond any imposed by the courts;

  • Whether the person is under an unexecuted administratively final removal, deportation, or exclusion order;[59]

  • Public safety or national security concerns;[60]

  • Moral depravity or criminal tendencies reflected by a single serious crime or an ongoing or continuing criminal record, with attention to the nature, scope, seriousness, and recent occurrence of criminal activity.[61]

  • Findings of juvenile delinquency;[62]

  • Compliance with immigration laws;[63]

  • Previous instances of fraud or false testimony in dealings with USCIS or any government agency;

  • Marriage to a U.S. citizen or LPR for the primary purpose of circumventing immigration laws;[64]

  • Other indicators of an applicant or beneficiary’s character.[65]

This is a non-exhaustive list of factors; the officer may consider any relevant fact in the discretionary analysis.

3. Weighing Factors

The act of exercising discretion involves weighing both positive and negative factors and considering the totality of the circumstances in the case before making a decision. Whether a favorable exercise of discretion is warranted is case-specific and depends on the evidence of positive and negative factors submitted by the requestor. As the negative factors grow more serious, a favorable exercise of discretion may not be warranted without the existence of unusual or outstanding equities in the case.[66]

Totality of the Circumstances: Evaluating the Case-Specific Considerations for Each Factor

An officer must consider the totality of the facts and circumstances of each individual case involving discretionary benefit requests. To do so, officers should ensure discretionary factors are considered in the context of all factors in the case.

There is no formula for determining the weight to be given a specific positive or negative factor. Officers should not attempt to assign numbers or points to a specific factor to determine if one factor is more or less favorable than another. Officers should consider each factor separately and then all the factors as a whole. The negative and positive factors should be balanced against each other and then evaluated cumulatively.[67] The weight given to each factor may vary depending on the facts of a particular case as well as the relationship of the factor to other factors in the analysis.

Discretionary factors are often interrelated. Officers must therefore determine whether each particular factor is positive or negative and how it affects the other factors under consideration. Some factors are generally given more weight than others. A small number of positive factors may overcome a larger number of negative factors, and vice versa, depending on the specific factors.

For example, when weighing the positive and negative factors, the officer should not consider the various factors individually, in isolation from one another.[68] When considering each factor individually, without considering how all the factors relate to each other, it becomes difficult to weigh the positive and negative factors properly.

Once the officer has weighed each factor individually, the officer should consider all the factors cumulatively to determine whether the unfavorable factors outweigh the favorable ones. If, after weighing all the factors, the officer determines that the positive factors outweigh the negative factors, then the requestor merits a favorable exercise of discretion. If the negative factors outweigh the positive factors, then the officer may decline to favorably exercise discretion and deny the benefit request. There may be instances where the gravity of a negative factor is of such significance that the factor by itself weighs heavily against a favorable exercise of discretion.[69]

Cases that are denied on the basis of an unfavorable exercise of discretion must include an officer’s explanation of why USCIS is not exercising discretion in the requestor’s favor.[70] The denial notice must clearly set forth the positive and negative factors considered and explain why the negative factors outweigh the positive factors.

4. Supervisory Review[71]

Officers should discuss complex or difficult cases with their supervisors, as needed, particularly those involving criminality or national security issues, regardless of whether the outcome is favorable or unfavorable to the applicant. As appropriate, supervisors may raise issues with USCIS local counsel.

Sometimes a case, especially when coupled with government errors or delay and compelling humanitarian factors, may justify an exercise of discretion resulting in an extraordinarily favorable outcome for the applicant. Officers considering such action should carefully confirm the availability of such action under the law, weigh the factors as in every discretionary decision, consult with supervisors or counsel, and make a record of the analysis and consultation.

D. Documenting Discretionary Determinations

When issuing a decision that involves a discretionary determination, a careful explanation of the officer’s findings and analysis (communicating the positive and negative factors considered and how the officer weighed these factors) helps ensure that the decision is legally sufficient and appropriate. The discretionary determination gives the officer authority to ultimately approve a benefit or form of relief or deny a benefit or form of relief when the applicant otherwise meets eligibility requirements. Officers, however, cannot exercise that authority arbitrarily or capriciously.

Favorable Exercise of Discretion

If no negative factors are present, the officer may provide a simple statement in the file noting the absence of negative factors (for example, comments indicating that the applicant is eligible, that there are no negative factors, and that therefore USCIS grants the benefit in the exercise of discretion).

If an officer grants a benefit in the exercise of discretion where negative factors are present but the positive factors outweigh the negative factors, the file should contain a record of the officer’s deliberations. The officer should clearly annotate the favorable factors in the file. The officer should also annotate the file regarding any consultations that supported the approval in complex or difficult cases. In some situations, the file annotation may be the only record or documentation for other officers to understand the reasons for the decision.

The officer should indicate the rationale for the decision in a clear manner so that it is easily understandable to others reviewing the file. This may include the officer addressing the discretionary issues in the written decision or by making an annotation in the file.

Unfavorable Exercise of Discretion[72]

If negative factors outweigh the positive factors and USCIS denies the benefit request, the written decision must contain an analysis of the factors considered in exercising discretion, where possible.[73]

Negative factors must never be analyzed in a generalized way. The decision must address negative factors on an individualized basis, applying the totality of the circumstances to the specific facts of the case. The decision should specify both the positive and negative factors that the officer identified and considered in support of the decision and should explain how the officer weighted the different factors. The denial notice should set forth the rationale for the decision so that the officer’s deliberation may be understood by the requestor as well as any administrative reviewer (such as the Administrative Appeals Office or immigration judge) and the federal courts.

Articulating Analysis Separately for Discretion and Threshold Eligibility Requirements

In cases involving the negative exercise of discretion, officers should generally articulate clearly the legal analysis of whether the applicant meets the threshold eligibility requirements and then, separately, the discretionary analysis.

Denying Benefit Requests as a Matter of Discretion

If the officer denies a benefit request as a matter of discretion, the officer generally must, in the written notice to the requestor:[74]

  • Indicate the decision to deny was made as a matter of discretion;

  • Identify, specifically, each positive factor presented by the facts of the case;

  • Identify, specifically, each negative factor;

  • Explain the relative decisional weight given to each negative and positive factor; and

  • Explain the cumulative weight given to the negative and positive factors, and reason for the outcome.

By including the appropriate articulation of discretionary determinations in USCIS decision-making, officers enhance the quality of adjudications and provide appropriate explanation to the requestor.

Footnotes


[^ 1] For purposes of this Policy Manual part, the term requestor means the person, organization, or business requesting an immigration benefit from USCIS. This may include an applicant or petitioner, depending on the request.

[^ 2] See Matter of Patel (PDF), 17 I&N Dec. 597 (BIA 1980). See the program-specific Policy Manual part to determine whether the adjudication of a benefit request requires the exercise of discretion.

[^ 3] See Section C, Adjudicating Discretionary Benefits, Subsection 3, Weighing Factors [1 USCIS-PM E.8(C)(3)].

[^ 4] For example, see Kucana v. Holder, 558 U.S. 233 (2010) (comparing discretion provided in statutory language against regulations promulgated by the U.S. Department of Justice).

[^ 5] See, for example, INA 245(a) (adjustment of status).

[^ 6] See INA 291. See Matter of Patel (PDF), 17 I&N Dec. 597 (BIA 1980). See Matter of Leung (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 12 (BIA 1976). See Matter of Arai (PDF), 13 I&N Dec. 494 (BIA 1970).

[^ 7] See, for example, INA 316 (naturalization).

[^ 8] See Petition for a Nonimmigrant Worker (Form I-129). See INA 101(a)(15). See INA 214 and 8 CFR 214.

[^ 9] See Petition for Alien Fiancé(e) (Form I-129F). See INA 101(a)(15)(K). See INA 214(d) and INA 214(r). See 8 CFR 214.2(k).

[^ 10] See Application To Extend/Change Nonimmigrant Status (Form I-539). See INA 214 and 8 CFR 214.

[^ 11] See Application for Advance Permission to Enter as a Nonimmigrant (Form I-192). See INA 212(d)(3)(A).

[^ 12] See Application for Travel Document (Form I-131). See INA 212(d)(5)(A).

[^ 13] See Application for Temporary Protected Status (Form I-821). See INA 244 and 8 CFR 244.

[^ 14] See Refugee/Asylee Relative Petition (Form I-730). See INA 207 and 8 CFR 207.

[^ 15] Except for following-to-join refugee adjudications. See 8 CFR 207.7.

[^ 16] See Application for Asylum and for Withholding of Removal (Form I-589). See INA 208 and 8 CFR 208. See Matter of Pula (PDF), 19 I&N Dec. 467, 471 (BIA 1987).

[^ 17] See Petition for Alien Relative (Form I-130). See INA 203(a) and INA 204(a)(1)(A)-(D). See 8 CFR 204.

[^ 18] See Immigrant Petition for Alien Workers (Form I-140). See INA 203(b) and INA 204(a)(1)(E)-(G). See 8 CFR 204.

[^ 19] See Immigrant Petition by Alien Investor (Form I-526). See INA 203(b) and INA 204(a)(1)(H). See 8 CFR 204.

[^ 20] See Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status (Form I-485). For more information on how to conduct a discretionary analysis in the context of an adjustment application, see Volume 7, Adjustment of Status, Part A, Adjustment of Status Policies and Procedures, Chapter 10, Legal Analysis and Use of Discretion [7 USCIS-PM A.10].

[^ 21] See, for example, INA 245(a) and INA 209(b). Exceptions include adjustment of status based on Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act of 1997 (NACARA), Title II of Pub. L. 105-100 (PDF), 111 Stat. 2160, 2193 (November 19, 1997); refugee-based adjustment under INA 209(a)(2); adjustment of status based on Haitian Refugee Immigration Fairness Act of 1998 (HRIFA), Section 902 of Division A, Title IX of Pub. L. 105-277 (PDF), 112 Stat. 2681, 2681-538 (October 21, 1998); adjustment of status based on Liberian Refugee Immigration Fairness (LRIF) law, Section 7611 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020, Pub. L. 116-92 (PDF), 113 Stat. 1198, 2309 (December 20, 2019).

[^ 22] See Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status (Form I-485). See INA 249. See 8 CFR 249. For more information, see Volume 7, Adjustment of Status, Part O, Registration [7 USCIS-PM O].

[^ 23] See INA 289 and 8 CFR 289.

[^ 24] See Application for Waiver of Grounds of Inadmissibility (Form I-601). See Application for Provisional Unlawful Presence Waiver (Form I-601A). See Application by Refugee for Waiver of Grounds of Excludability (Form I-602). See, for example, INA 209(c), INA 212(a)(9)(B)(v), INA 212(a)(9)(C)(iii), and INA 212(g)-(i). For more information on how to conduct a discretionary analysis in the context of a waiver application, see Volume 9, Waivers and Other Forms of Relief, Part A, Waiver Policies and Procedures, Chapter 5, Discretion [9 USCIS-PM A.5].

[^ 25] See Application for Permission to Reapply for Admission into the United States After Deportation or Removal (Form I-212). See INA 212(a)(9)(A)(iii) and INA 212(a)(9)(C)(ii).

[^ 26] See Application for Employment Authorization (Form I-765). See INA 274A. See 8 CFR 274a.12. For more information, see Volume 10, Employment Authorization [10 USCIS-PM].

[^ 27] See Petition to Remove Conditions on Residence (Form I-751). See Petition by Investor to Remove Conditions on Permanent Resident Status (Form I-829). See INA 216 and INA 216A. See 8 CFR 216.

[^ 28] When a family-based conditional permanent resident files a Petition to Remove Conditions on Residence (Form I-751) as a waiver request based on termination of marriage, battery or extreme cruelty, or extreme hardship, it is a discretionary decision. See INA 216(c)(4).

[^ 29] See Application for Naturalization (Form N-400). See INA 316. For more information, see Volume 12, Citizenship and Naturalization [12 USCIS-PM].

[^ 30] See Application for Certificate of Citizenship (Form N-600). See INA 301, INA 309 and INA 320. For more information, see Volume 12, Citizenship and Naturalization, Part K, Certificates of Citizenship and Naturalization [12 USCIS-PM K].

[^ 31] See Matter of Marin (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 581, 584 (BIA 1978). See Matter of Buscemi (PDF), 19 I&N Dec. 628, 633 (BIA 1988). See Matter of Edwards (PDF), 20 I&N Dec. 191, 195 (BIA 1990). See Matter of Mendez-Morales (PDF), 21 I&N Dec. 296, 300 (BIA 1996).

[^ 32] See Matter of Patel (PDF), 17 I&N Dec. 597 (BIA 1980) (adjustment of status). See Von Pervieux v. INS, 572 F.2d 114, 118 (3rd Cir. 1978). See Ameeriar v. INS, 438 F.2d 1028, 1030 (3rd Cir. 1971). See Matter of Marques (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 314 (BIA 1977).

[^ 33] See Matter of Ortiz-Prieto (PDF), 11 I&N Dec. 317 (BIA 1965).

[^ 34] See Subsection 4, Discretion [1 USCIS-PM E.8(B)(4)].

[^ 35] Prosecutorial discretion is a decision to enforce or not enforce the law against someone. Prosecutorial discretion is exercised when an agency makes a decision with respect to enforcing the law. USCIS, along with other DHS agencies such as U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and U.S. Customs and Border Protection, has the authority to exercise prosecutorial discretion related to immigration enforcement actions it may take, particularly in the context of initiating removal proceedings through the issuance of a non-mandatory Notice to Appear. Prosecutorial discretion does not decrease USCIS’ commitment to enforcing the immigration laws. Rather, it is a means to use agency resources in a way that best accomplishes the mission of administering and enforcing the immigration laws of the United States.

[^ 36] See INS v. Doherty (PDF), 502 U.S. 314 (1992).

[^ 37] See Matter of Arai (PDF), 13 I&N Dec. 494, 496 (BIA 1970) (“In the absence of adverse factors, adjustment will ordinarily be granted, still as a matter of discretion.”). See Matter of Pula (PDF), 19 I&N Dec. 467, 474 (BIA 1987) (“In the absence of any adverse factors, however, asylum should be granted in the exercise of discretion.”).

[^ 38] See INA 209(b).

[^ 39] As of March 1, 2003, in accordance with Section 1517 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (HSA), Pub. L. 107-296 (PDF), 116 Stat. 2135, 2311 (November 25, 2002), any reference to the Attorney General in a provision of the INA describing functions that were transferred from the Attorney General or other DOJ official to DHS by the HSA “shall be deemed to refer to the Secretary” of Homeland Security. See 6 U.S.C. 557 (codifying Section 1517 of the HSA).

[^ 40] See 6 U.S.C. 275.

[^ 41] See INS v. Abudu (PDF), 485 U.S. 94, 105 (1988). See INS v. Bagamasbad (PDF), 429 U.S. 24, 26 (1976). See INS v. Rios-Pineda (PDF), 471 U.S. 444 (1985).

[^ 42] See Matter of Arai (PDF), 13 I&N Dec. 494, 496 (BIA 1970). See Matter of Lam (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 432 (BIA 1978).

[^ 43] See INA 245(a). See Volume 7, Adjustment of Status, Part B, 245(a) Adjustment, Chapter 2, Eligibility Requirements [7 USCIS-PM B.2].

[^ 44] See Chapter 6, Evidence [1 USCIS-PM E.6].

[^ 45] See 8 CFR 103.2(b)(1).

[^ 46] See Matter of Marin (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 581, 586-587 (BIA 1978). See Matter of Buscemi (PDF), 19 I&N Dec. 628, 633 (BIA 1988). See Matter of Edwards (PDF), 20 I&N Dec. 191, 195 (BIA 1990).

[^ 47] See Matter of Arai (PDF), 13 I&N Dec. 494, 496 (BIA 1970). See Matter of Lam (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 432, 434 (BIA 1978). See Matter of Marin (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 581, 584 (BIA 1978). See Matter of Buscemi (PDF), 19 I&N Dec. 628, 633 (BIA 1988). See Matter of Edwards (PDF), 20 I&N Dec. 191, 195 (BIA 1990). See Matter of Mendez-Morales (PDF), 21 I&N Dec. 296, 301 (BIA 1996).

[^ 48] See Matter of Mendez-Morales (PDF), 21 I&N Dec. 296, 301 (BIA 1996) (In the context of waivers of inadmissibility requiring a showing of extreme hardship: “. . . those found eligible for relief under section 212(h)(1)(B) will by definition have already established extreme hardship to qualified family members, which would be a factor favorable to the alien in exercising discretion.”).

[^ 49] See Matter of Arai (PDF), 13 I&N Dec. 494, 496 (BIA 1970). See Matter of Marin (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 581, 584 (BIA 1978). See Matter of Buscemi (PDF), 19 I&N Dec. 628, 633 (BIA 1988). See Matter of Edwards (PDF), 20 I&N Dec. 191, 195 (BIA 1990). See Matter of Mendez-Morales (PDF), 21 I&N Dec. 296, 301-302 (BIA 1996) (“. . . if the alien has relatives in the United States, the quality of their relationship must be considered in determining the weight to be awarded this equity.”).

[^ 50] See Matter of Arai (PDF), 13 I&N Dec. 494, 496 (BIA 1970). See Matter of Marin (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 581, 585 (BIA 1978). See Matter of Buscemi (PDF), 19 I&N Dec. 628, 633 (BIA 1988). See Matter of Edwards (PDF), 20 I&N Dec. 191, 195 (BIA 1990). See Matter of Mendez-Morales (PDF), 21 I&N Dec. 296, 301 (BIA 1996).

[^ 51] See Matter of Marin (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 581, 585 (BIA 1978). See Matter of Buscemi (PDF), 19 I&N Dec. 628, 633 (BIA 1988). See Matter of Edwards (PDF), 20 I&N Dec. 191, 195 (BIA 1990).

[^ 52] See Matter of Arai (PDF), 13 I&N Dec. 494, 496 (BIA 1970). See Matter of Marin (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 581, 584-85 (BIA 1978). See Matter of Buscemi (PDF), 19 I&N Dec. 628, 633 (BIA 1988). See Matter of Edwards (PDF), 20 I&N Dec. 191, 195 (BIA 1990). See Matter of Mendez-Morales (PDF), 21 I&N Dec. 296, 301 (BIA 1996). Residence must be lawful to be considered a positive factor. See Matter of Lee (PDF), 17 I&N Dec. 275, 278 (Comm. 1978).

[^ 53] See Matter of Marin (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 581, 585 (BIA 1978). See Matter of Buscemi (PDF), 19 I&N Dec. 628, 633 (BIA 1988). See Matter of Edwards (PDF), 20 I&N Dec. 191, 195 (BIA 1990). See Matter of Mendez-Morales (PDF), 21 I&N Dec. 296, 301 (BIA 1996).

[^ 54] See Matter of Lam (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 432, 434 (BIA 1978). See Matter of Marin (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 581, 585 (BIA 1978). See Matter of Buscemi (PDF), 19 I&N Dec. 628, 633 (BIA 1988). See Matter of Edwards (PDF), 20 I&N Dec. 191, 195 (BIA 1990). See Matter of Mendez-Morales (PDF), 21 I&N Dec. 296, 301-302 (BIA 1996) (“. . . if the alien has a history of employment, it is important to consider the type of employment and its length and stability.”).

[^ 55] See Matter of Marin (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 581, 585 (BIA 1978). See Matter of Buscemi (PDF), 19 I&N Dec. 628, 633 (BIA 1988). See Matter of Edwards (PDF), 20 I&N Dec. 191, 195 (BIA 1990). See Matter of Mendez-Morales (PDF), 21 I&N Dec. 296, 301 (BIA 1996).

[^ 56] See Matter of Mendez-Morales (PDF), 21 I&N Dec. 296, 301 (BIA 1996).

[^ 57] See Matter of Marin (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 581, 585 (BIA 1978). See Matter of Buscemi (PDF), 19 I&N Dec. 628, 633 (BIA 1988). See Matter of Edwards (PDF), 20 I&N Dec. 191, 195 (BIA 1990).

[^ 58] See Matter of Marin (PDF), 16 I&N Dec. 581, 585 (BIA 1978). See Matter of Buscemi (PDF), 19 I&N Dec. 628, 633 (BIA 1988). See Matter of Edwards (PDF), 20 I&N Dec. 191, 195 (BIA 1990). See Matter of Mendez-Morales (PDF), 21 I&N Dec. 296, 301 (BIA 1996). However, reformation is not an absolute prerequisite to a favorable exercise of discretion. Rather, the discretionary analysis must be conducted on a case-by-case basis, with rehabilitation a factor to be considered in the exercise of discretion. See Matter of Edwards (PDF), 20 I&N Dec. 191, 196 (BIA 1990) (considering rehabilitation a significant factor in view of the nature and extent of the respondent’s criminal history, which spanned 10 years).

[^ 59] USCIS generally does not exercise discretion favorably to grant adjustment where the adjustment applicant has an unexecuted removal order. For information on the effect of an unexecuted removal order of an arriving alien on adjustment of status, see Volume 7, Adjustment of Status, Part A, Adjustment of Status Policies and Procedures, Chapter 10, Legal Analysis and Use of Discretion, Section B, Discretion, Subsection 2, Issues and Factors to Consider [7 USCIS-PM A.10(B)(2)].

[^ 60] For definitions of public safety and national security concerns, see Updated Guidance for the Referral of Cases and Issuance of Notices to Appear (NTAs) in Cases Involving Inadmissible and Deportable Aliens (PDF) (PDF, 599.37 KB), PM-602-0050.1, issued June 28, 2018.

[^ 61] The officer should not go behind the record of conviction to reassess an applicant’s ultimate guilt or innocence, but rather inquire into the circumstances surrounding the commission of the crime in order to determine whether a favorable exercise of discretion is warranted. See Matter of Edwards (PDF), 20 I&N Dec. 191, 197 (BIA 1990).

[^ 62] USCIS considers findings of juvenile delinquency on a case-by-case basis, based on the totality of the evidence, to determine whether a favorable exercise of discretion is warranted. Therefore, an adjustment applicant must disclose all arrests and charges. If any arrest or charge was disposed of as a matter of juvenile delinquency, the applicant must include the court or other public record that establishes this disposition. See Volume 7, Adjustment of Status, Part A, Adjustment of Status Policies and Procedures, Chapter 4, Documentation, Section A, Initial Evidence, Subsection 7, Certified Copies of Arrest Records and Court Dispositions [7 USCIS-PM A.4(A)(7)]. For more information, see Volume 7, Adjustment of Status, Part B, 245(a) Adjustment [7 USCIS-PM B] and Part F, Special Immigrant-Based Adjustment, Chapter 7, Special Immigrant Juveniles, Section C, Eligibility Requirements, Subsection 4, Admissibility and Waiver Requirements [7 USCIS-P